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Department of Plant Sciences

UC Davis

Metabolite profiling of rice root exudate under phosphorus deficiency

Abstract

Root exudates are derived from plant metabolites and the composition is affected by plant nutrient status. Acid phosphatase and organic acids are well-known root exudates in soils with low phosphorus (P) status. We applied metabolite profiling technique to investigate rice root exudates under P deficiency. Oryza sativa (cv. Nipponbare) was grown in solution culture at P concentrations between 0 to 258 µM for several weeks. Root exudates and root extracts were collected and their metabolites were determined by capillary electrophoresis / time-of-flight mass spectrometry (CE-TOF MS). Shoot P concentration and dry weight of rice plants grown at low P levels were lower than those at high P levels. Twenty-nine anionic and 51 cationic compounds and 15 anionic and 32 cationic compounds were identified in root extracts and in root exudates, respectively. More than 80% of metabolites in the root exudates showed higher concentration at low P levels than at high P levels. On the other hand, only 20% of metabolites in the root extracts showed higher concentration at low P levels than at high P levels. These results suggest that rice roots exude many metabolites in response to P deficiency.

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