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ABSTRACT:
Repeat migration between Europe and the United States during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries was more frequent, widely spread, intricate, and significant than has been appreciated in previous scholarship on the period. What before 1870 had been overwhelmingly a set of “once-and-for-all” moves to the U.S, became, by 1914, a process dominated by sequential and repeatable relocations. Increasingly “circular” transatlantic migration developed as a rational response by migrant networks seeking to diversify the risks of remote, uncertain, and increasingly temporary employment across multiple individuals making multiple crossings.

SUGGESTED CITATION:
Drew Keeling, "Repeat Migration between Europe and the United States, 1870-1914" (July 7, 2006). Institute of European Studies. Paper 050411.
http://repositories.cdlib.org/ies/050411