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ABSTRACT:
We analyze the effect of Wal-Mart's entry into the grocery market using a unique stor-level price panel data set. We use OLS and two IV specifications to estimate the effect of Wal-Mart's entry on competitors' prices of 24 grocery items across several categories. Wal-Mart's price advantage over competitors for these products averages approximately 10%. On average, competitors' response to Wal-Mart's entry is a price reduction of 1-1.2%, mostly due to smaller-scale competitors: the response of the "big three" supermarket chains (Alberson's, Safeway, and Kroger) is less than half that size. We confirm our results using a falsification exercises, in which we test for Wal-Mart's effect on prices of services that it does not provide, such as movie tickets and dry cleaning services.

SUGGESTED CITATION:
Michael Noel and Emek Basker, "The Evolving Food Chain: Competitive Effects of Wal-Mart's Entry Into The Supermarket Industry" (June 1, 2007). Department of Economics, UCSD. Paper 2007-03.
http://repositories.cdlib.org/ucsdecon/2007-03