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Channel and flow relationships in tidal salt marsh wetlands Luna B. Leopold, University of California, Berkeley Laurel Collins, University of California, Berkeley Moshe Inbar, University of California, Berkeley UC Water Resources Center Technical Completion Report W-629 (also released as USGS G830-06
ABSTRACT: In a natural tidal channel, Tule Slough, in Petaluma Marsh
bordering the Petaluma River north of San Pablo Bay, synoptic
measurements of stage and velocity were made at seven locations
along the 3 mile length of the channel. Stage at each location
was tied to a common datum and thus slope of the water surface
could be computed. Values of slope were predominantly of the
order of .0001 or less but under some tides and in one reach
attained a value of .0006.
As maximum or minimum tide height approached slope became
zero but often hovered near zero for long periods of time. With
few exceptions slope became zero hours or minutes before velocity
reversed direction indicating that an adverse slope is necessary
to reduce the water momentum to zero.
Contrary to previously published accounts, none of which had
synoptic measurements at several stations, the graph of slope vs
time is not sinusoidal but much more closely resembles a flat and
long cycloid curve.
The longitudinal profile of the water surface is practically
horizontal at maximum tide for the full three miles of channel
length. Due to shallowing of the channel upstream at lowest tide
the upper reach becomes essentially dry while in the downstream
reach the profile is nearly flat. At mid tide the water surface
slopes in opposite directions at the two ends of the channel
length.
The data suggest that there are at least two and possibly
more types of tidal channels with respect to the change of width,
depth, velocity And discharge along the channel. Tule Slough has
few tributaries, has a nearly constant width for most of its
length, shallows but little except at its far upstream reach.
Therefore the hydraulic geometry relations found in the one
channel for which data are available, Wrecked Recorder Slough in
Virginia, do not apply. It is here suggested that such a
difference would result from the character of the sediment making
up the marsh and thus the type of vegetation growing on it. This
pickleweed marsh is underlain by very fine clay containing much
peat. The clay is derived from San Pablo Bay which is a shallow,
large reentrant fed by only two minor rivers and which recieves [sic] little or no water or sediment from the Sacramento River.
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