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Hydrogeologic response of small watersheds to wildfire Edward A. Keller, University of California, Santa Barbara David W. Valentine, University of California, Santa Barbara Dennis R. Gibbs, Santa Barbara County Flood Control and Water Conservation District UC Water Resources Center Technical Completion Report W-781
ABSTRACT: Following the Santa Barbara, CA. Painted Cave Fire of June
25, 1990 an emergency watershed protection plan was implemented
consisting of stream clearing, grade stabilizers, debris basins
and research focusing on streambed changes on two different
branches of Maria ygnacio Creek, the main drainage of the burned
area.
During the winter of 1990-1991, between 35 and 66 cm of
rainfall and intensities up to 10 em per hour for a five minute
period were recorded. During the winter of 1991-1992, between 48
and 74 cm of rainfall and intensities up to 8 cm per hour were
recorded. Even though there was moderate rainfall on barren,
saturated soils, no major debris flows occurred in burned areas.
The winter of 1992-1993 recorded total precipitation of about 170%
of normal. Intensities were relatively low and no debris flows
were observed. The response to winter storms in the first three
years following the fire was a spectacular flushing of sediment,
most of which was derived from the hillslopes. The debris basins
trapped 30,000 m3, the majority coming from the storm of March 17-
20, 1991. Sediment transported downstream during the three winters
following the fire and not trapped in the debris basins was
eventually flushed to the estuarine reaches of the creeks below
the burn area, where approximately 108,000 m3 accumulated.
Changes in stream morphology following the fire were dramatic
as pools filled with sediment which greatly smoothed longitudinal
and cross sectional profiles. Major changes in channel morphology
do occur following a fire as sediment derived from the hillslope
is temporarily stored in channels within the burned area. However
this sediment may quickly move downstream of the burned region,
where it may accumulate reducing channel capacity and increasing
the flood hazard.
SUGGESTED CITATION:
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