http://www.rssboard.org/rss-specification 720 https://escholarship.org/uc/uci/rss Recent eScholarship items from UC Irvine Sat, 17 Oct 2026 02:03:09 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ps2b4r0 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency medicine has evolved beyond episodic acute care to encompass a growing range of clinical, social, and system-level responsibilities. This scholarly perspective proposes the Patient Rights Index in Emergency Medicine (PRI-ED), a conceptual framework designed to organize recurring domains through which emergency departments promote access to care, patient safety, relief of suffering, autonomy, and dignity.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> The PRI-ED was developed through iterative domain generation informed by clinical observation, professional experience, and targeted review of peer-reviewed literature, policy analyses, and professional organizational reports. No primary data collection, systematic review, formal consensus process, or empirical validation was performed.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> We identified 12 domains that represent recurring clinical, operational, and system-level challenges encountered in emergency medicine.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4ps2b4r0 Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ryan, Matthew https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40c2c22c <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Efficient triage in emergency departments (ED) is crucial for timely patient care, as evidence indicates that time to triage could affect treatment outcomes. Sex differences have been observed in different healthcare areas. The objective of this study was to determine whether sex differences exist in a patient’s time to triage and the magnitude of any observed differences at presentation to the ED of a Jerusalem hospital.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study used anonymized data from adult ED visits between January 1 to September 30, 2024, at an ED in Jerusalem. Our primary outcome measure was the mean time to triage, defined as the interval between documented patient arrival and the first encounter with a triage nurse. Our secondary outcome measures included the proportion of patients triaged within 15 minutes, stratified by sex, ED division, and Emergency Severity Index (ESI) level.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> The study... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40c2c22c Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hindiyeh, Siveen Kurd, Abdallah Alpert, Avraham E. Kovacs, Ariella Oren, Tehila Salameh, Shaden https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3230-2252 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40b3p40m <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency department (ED) crowding harms patient care and strains hospital operations. Forecasting daily patient arrivals can help ED medical directors, department chairs, and hospital administrators plan staffing and bed capacity in advance, rather than reacting after a surge has already occurred. This study compared five computer-based forecasting methods, including three machine learning models (eXtreme gradient boosting [XGBoost], light gradient boosting machine [LGBM], and long short-term memory [LSTM]) and two traditional statistical models (autoregressive integrated moving average [ARIMA] and seasonal ARIMA [SARIMA]), to determine which most accurately predicts ED patient volume seven days in advance, using eight years of daily visit data from an academic freestanding ED.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective study analyzed 3,202 consecutive days of daily patient volume (March 27, 2017, to December 31, 2025) from an academic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/40b3p40m Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Huang, Kian Okonkwo, Enola Choudhary, Haris Mhaskar, Rahul Lapaix, Nathan Lozano, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7978-1406 Saint-Hilaire, Reginald https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11z8x19z <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Patients frequently board overnight in the emergency department (ED) while awaiting medical admission, sometimes in hallway care spaces. Prior literature suggests that timing of boarding may matter; a single overnight stay in the ED may be associated with increased mortality and adverse events, especially for older adults. Given the deliriogenic ED environment, these effects may be magnified in the hallway. However, little is known about the effects of prolonged hallway stays. We evaluated whether an overnight stay in the ED hallway, compared to an ED room, was associated with increased delirium and adverse outcomes for geriatric patients.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retrospective multisite cohort database study of patients aged 65 years and older admitted to a general medicine service January 1, 2022, to December 31, 2023, who spent an entire night (midnight to 8 am) in the ED prior to admission. We compared those who spent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/11z8x19z Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Perelman, Sarah E. Meeker, Melissa A. Kennedy, Maura Joseph, Joshua W. Liu, Shan W. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hn7t791 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Cannabis is one of the most commonly used psychoactive substances worldwide, with 20% of adults in the U.S. reporting using cannabis at least once in the past year. Nicotine dependence is reported in 9% to 10% of adults in the U.S.1 This study aims to investigate the relationship between cannabis use and cigarette smoking on mortality, cardiovascular outcomes, suicide, cancer of the lung and bronchus, and reactive airway disease in emergency department (ED) patients.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> This retrospective, propensity score–matched study used the TriNetX database to analyze records of 120,689,106 patients from 69 healthcare organizations in the U.S. between 2005 and 2022. The first cohort consisted of adult patients and was grouped based on diagnosis of cannabis-related disorders (CRD) within five years before or one month after an ED visit. The second cohort consisted of adult patients with a diagnosis of “nicotine dependence, cigarettes”... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hn7t791 Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Yang, Vincent Xavier, Alexander V. Devulapally, Karthik Paul, Krishna K. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9829-1250 Wilson, Bryan Gaalema, Diann Jneid, Hani Akinwande, Olugbenga Peek, M. Kristen Jehle, Dietrich von Kuenssberg https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6006-3903 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b66s3fw <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency medical services (EMS) redirection is used to manage emergency department (ED) strain, but whether it reflects operational conditions is unclear. We compared associations of prespecified ED operational measures, including visit volume, patient flow times, admissions, boarding, and left-early measures, with redirection activation and total daily redirection minutes.</p> <p><strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong>We performed a retrospective study at a single urban tertiary care center over 392 consecutive days from April 7, 2021 through May 3, 2022. Redirection temporarily routed ambulances away from the study hospital and was activated centrally by EMS. New York City’s 9-1-1 system included about 500 ambulance units and over 60 hospitals. The primary outcome was activation, defined as any redirection during a calendar day. The secondary outcome was total redirection minutes among days with redirection. Multivariable logistic regression evaluated... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0b66s3fw Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hahn, Barry https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9035-5603 Van Tuyl, Anna Greenstein, Josh Mathews, Kurien Shawl, Arsalan Barbara, Paul Mohamadi, Amin https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0992n5tv Enhancer-driven adeno-associated viral (AAV) reporters provide compact tools for targeting genetically defined neuronal populations, but their behavior in aging and Alzheimer's disease model contexts remains uncertain. This thesis evaluated four enhancer-AAV reporter datasets in young wild-type, aged wild-type, and 5xFAD mice: BiCHATe27 for cholinergic neurons, BiPVe3 for PV basket cells, BiPVe4 for PV chandelier cells, and BiSSTe4 for SST Martinotti cells. Cleared brain tissue was imaged by light-sheet microscopy and analyzed within paper-matched regions of interest. Reporter-marker specificity, sensitivity, reporter intensity, and raw cell-count burden were interpreted as descriptive pilot readouts. Corrected BiCHATe27 ChAT analysis, driven by marker-appropriate image-analysis changes rather than by a new imaging modality, restored young wild-type targeting estimates close to the AAV toolbox reference and suggested broadly stable targeting with reduced signal burden in... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0992n5tv Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Li, Haoqi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02z3v91s <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Toxic mushroom exposures can occur through multiple mechanisms, including consumption as a delicacy, foraging, and use for psychoactive properties. Recent evidence suggests that psylocibin mushroom use is increasing in the United States. However, information on trends in mushroom poisonings in Florida is limited. This study aims to characterize trends in psychoactive and nonpsychoactive mushroom exposures reported to the Florida Poison Information Center Network (FPICN) over an 11-year period.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>This is a retrospective review of all mushroom exposures reported to the FPICN between 2014 to 2024. Our primary outcome was to evaluate the annual trend of psychoactive and nonpsychoactive exposures. Secondary outcomes included identifying patient demographics, exposure intent, clinical effects, and medical outcomes associated with each exposure type. Psychoactive mushrooms were defined as belonging to groups 2 (muscimol),... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/02z3v91s Wed, 14 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Steven https://orcid.org/0009-0001-4005-4703 Lipscomb, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0009-0003-6920-989X Mhaskar, Rahul Dean, Diana https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2073-8005 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dq620rc The first observation of a new meson state decaying into and a photon is presented using a dataset of collisions at a center-of-mass energy collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of . The mesons are reconstructed from a three-muon final state from decays, along with photons reconstructed via conversions to electron-positron pairs in the detector material. The new state is observed with a significance that exceeds 8 standard deviations. The mass difference between the new meson state and the ground-state meson is measured to be . This corresponds to a mass for the observed state of , where the last uncertainty is due to the precision of the best knowledge of the meson mass. The low mass difference value matches the theory expectations for the lowest vector state of the system, the meson. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9dq620rc Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Ackerschott, J Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Almazan, ER Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Coutinho, Y Amaral Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amperiadou, D Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio Apicella, M Appelt, C Apyan, A Arakida, R Arampatzi, M Val, SJ Arbiol Arcangeletti, C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95j2d1h3 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Prehospital emergency care (PEC) systems vary widely in structure, capacity, and stage of development, and existing evaluation tools are not tailored to the contextual needs of Southeast Asia. To address this gap, the Prehospital Emergency Care System Evaluation Tool (PECSET) was developed as a 32-element, consensus-derived framework to support system assessment, prioritization, and quality improvement. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prospective acceptability of the PECSET framework among Southeast Asian prehospital stakeholders using the theoretical framework of acceptability (TFA) and to identify regional variation in implementation priorities.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a cross-sectional survey of PEC professionals from the Philippines, Thailand, Vietnam, Indonesia, and Malaysia between April 2023 and June 2024. Participants were recruited from six resuscitation training conferences and attended a standardized... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/95j2d1h3 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bokman, John T. https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5065-2916 Haedar, Ali Joiner, Anjni Hart, Lauren Karim, Sarah Binti Shaikh Abdul Mesa-Gaerlan, Faith Joan Pek, Pin Pin Riyapan, Sattha Ong, Marcus EH Blewer, Audrey L. Nadarajan, Gayathri Devi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81s256b2 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency department (ED) food insecurity (FI) screening traditionally identifies insufficient access to food but does not account for diet quality. We evaluated the incremental yield of adding a nutrition insecurity (NI) screener to routine FI screening.</p> <p><strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong>This single-center observational study enrolled adult ED patients from April–September 2025. Participants completed the 2-item Hunger Vital Sign and a 1-item NI screener. Our primary measure was incremental yield of NI screening beyond FI screening, defined by the number of NI-positive/FI-negative patients identified. Secondary outcome measures included FI and NI prevalence, screening concordance, and number needed to screen. Screening fidelity was supported through structured training of research associates and standardized phrasing.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Of 1,120 patients, 13.6% (95% CI, 11.6–15.7%) screened positive for FI and 11.4% (95% CI,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/81s256b2 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Esteban, Marco Santos Nguyen, Jolie Minh-Trang Olliffe, Ian Dennis Capo Chakravarthy, Bharath Cisneros, Victor https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r7901z3 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Caused by portosystemic venous shunting, the focal hepatic hot spot sign (or hot quadrate sign) is a radiologic finding most commonly associated with superior vena cava (SVC) obstruction. On contrast-enhanced imaging, this finding may mimic active hepatic extravasation or focal hepatic pathology, posing a diagnostic challenge in the emergency department (ED).&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> We report a case of a 70-year-old man with progressive cognitive decline and hypoxemic respiratory failure requiring intubation. Computed tomography (CT) angiography of the chest demonstrated a focal area of intense contrast enhancement in the left hepatic lobe, initially concerning for active extravasation. Further review of the imaging revealed a right upper lobe lung mass and a large mediastinal mass causing high-grade SVC stenosis. The hepatic finding was subsequently identified by the reading radiologist as a focal hepatic hot spot sign representing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7r7901z3 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wilkerson, R. Gentry https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8301-4421 Brecher, Vanesa https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74n0k0dh <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy is a rare, severe axonal variant of Guillain–Barré syndrome characterized by rapidly progressive motor and sensory dysfunction. Early recognition in the emergency department (ED) is challenging because patients may initially present with subtle neurologic findings, preserved reflexes, and normal cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) studies.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> A 29-year-old woman with a history of generalized anxiety disorder presented to the ED with progressive distal numbness and mild weakness, with weakness being her chief complaint. Neurologic examination demonstrated preserved reflexes without focal deficits, and she was noted to be anxious. Given the reassuring examination, the patient was discharged with strict return precautions, including instructions to seek immediate reevaluation for worsening weakness, numbness, or progression of neurologic symptoms. She returned 48 hours later... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/74n0k0dh Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kabir, Shadman https://orcid.org/0009-0000-5822-5649 Rahman, Austin Konopack, Sitha https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6640b6mt <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Initiation of buprenorphine reduces mortality in people with opioid use disorder. However, patients who decline hospital transport after overdose may not be connected to treatment. To augment treatment engagement, prehospital buprenorphine pilot programs began in 2019. To date, few studies have looked at these programs nationally. Our objective was to evaluate national prehospital buprenorphine usage.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a cross-sectional evaluation of emergency medical service (EMS) encounters involving prehospital buprenorphine administration using the 2020-2023 National EMS Information System Public Release Research datasets. Our primary outcome was trends in prehospital buprenorphine usage. Quarterly rates of prehospital buprenorphine were evaluated using joinpoint regression to identify inflection points. The secondary outcome was patient demographics and encounter characteristics, which were analyzed using descriptive... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6640b6mt Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chandran, Kira Weiner, Scott G. Goldberg, Scott A. Holstein, Vincent L. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5722-4254 Hayes, Jane M. Cash, Rebecca E. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5st4v840 <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Uncontrolled hypertension is frequently evaluated in the emergency department (ED), with the goal of identifying those patients with hypertensive emergencies. Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is rare and not considered a typical manifestation of hypertensive emergency.</p> <p><strong>Case Report: </strong>A 31-year-old man presenting to the ED with chest pain and hypertension subsequently developed lower extremity neurologic deficits and was diagnosed with a spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma. After thorough testing, no other risk factors for this medical condition were identified, and the hemorrhage was attributed to hypertensive emergency.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>Spontaneous spinal epidural hematoma is a rare complication of hypertensive emergency and should be considered when evaluating patients with hypertension, back pain, and neurologic deficits.</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5st4v840 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Laird, Kelly https://orcid.org/0009-0001-9834-2337 Sell, Jordan England, Peter Montas, Sacha Walsh, Kevin Harvey, Carrie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h3020pn <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum is a rare vascular condition that may present with nonspecific groin or pelvic pain and mimic more common surgical or urologic emergencies.</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> A 33-year-old man presented to the emergency department with acute left-sided groin and pelvic pain after straining during defecation. Initial history and evaluation raised concern for incarcerated inguinal hernia, epididymo-orchitis, renal colic, lymphadenopathy, and soft tissue infection. Computed tomography demonstrated asymmetric enlargement of the left corpus cavernosum, while penile ultrasound showed diminished cavernosal flow. Magnetic resonance imaging confirmed segmental thrombosis of the left corpus cavernosum. The patient was treated conservatively with rivaroxaban and analgesia, resulting in symptomatic improvement.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Partial segmental thrombosis of the corpus cavernosum... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4h3020pn Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Konopack, Sitha Diaz, Jessica https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49r2f8bj <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Recurrent chest pain in postpartum patients frequently results in repeated emergency department (ED) visits despite negative cardiopulmonary investigations, creating diagnostic uncertainty and increasing healthcare resource utilization. We report a case highlighting the value of a structured postexclusion assessment to identify clinically relevant behavioral triggers after life-threatening causes have been excluded.</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> A 33-year-old woman, six weeks postpartum, presented repeatedly with nocturnal chest pain, palpitations, and dyspnea. Serial electrocardiograms, cardiac biomarkers, chest imaging, and transthoracic echocardiography were consistently normal, excluding acute cardiopulmonary pathology. Careful reassessment of symptom chronology and behavioral history identified a reproducible temporal association between symptom onset and nocturnal binge-eating episodes. Following outpatient psychiatric and clinical... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/49r2f8bj Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Shrivastav, Aditya S. https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6319-581X Tivaskar, Suhas Luharia, Anurag Mishra, Gaurav https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vr247bx <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency that can involve significant cardiovascular manifestations. Transient electrocardiographic (ECG) changes during anaphylaxis and following epinephrine administration may closely mimic acute coronary syndrome, creating a diagnostic dilemma in the emergency department (ED). Failure to recognize these reversible patterns can result in delayed anaphylaxis treatment or unnecessary activation of invasive cardiac pathways.</p> <p><strong>Case Series:</strong> We report a case series of three adult patients presenting to the ED with anaphylaxis who developed alarming ECG changes, including ST-segment elevation, ST-segment depression, and hyperacute T waves. One patient demonstrated transient ECG changes temporally related to intramuscular epinephrine administration, while two patients exhibited features suggestive of hypersensitivity-associated coronary vasospasm or thrombosis manifesting as ECG changes. In all... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3vr247bx Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 S, Hari Ganesh T, Amrithanand V https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6410-2896 B G, Kowsthubha https://orcid.org/0009-0006-7909-7248 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r13x5c2 <p><strong>Case Presentation:</strong> A 51-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with blurred vision and a large, dark floater in her right eye. Point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) revealed a Weiss ring, strongly suggesting a diagnosis of a posterior vitreous detachment.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Discussion:</strong> Identifying a Weiss ring with POCUS may be a reasonable and easier alternative for emergency clinicians when used in conjunction with a slit-lamp examination and may aid in timely ophthalmologic management of posterior vitreous detachments.&nbsp;</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3r13x5c2 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Betcher, Joseph Shields, Matthew https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8341-2639 Busch, Dakota https://orcid.org/0009-0009-0137-450X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q20v1r0 <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hemopericardium from chest compression-related cardiac injury is an underrecognized complication of cardiopulmonary resuscitation, with bleeding risk amplified in anticoagulated patients.</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> A 66-year-old man on apixaban and hemodialysis presented in cardiac arrest. Post resuscitation ultrasound revealed pericardial tamponade. With no pericardiocentesis kit available, a seven French triple-lumen central venous catheter was placed under ultrasound guidance via a subxiphoid approach. Approximately one liter of bloody fluid was drained; the patient died within 24 hours.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Hemopericardium is an underrecognized complication of resuscitation in anticoagulated patients. A triple-lumen central venous catheter offers a familiar bedside drainage alternative when a commercial kit is unavailable.&nbsp;</p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3q20v1r0 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gagliardi, Michael Luu, Melissa Weick, Rose-Ann White, Rebecca https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8810-613X Abboud, Mohammad T. https://orcid.org/0009-0000-3393-2398 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mf231jh <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Alcohol withdrawal syndrome (AWS) is a frequent cause of emergency department (ED) visits, and some patients return soon after discharge. Identifying factors associated with short-term ED return may inform targeted interventions. Our primary objective was to identify factors associated with 72-hour ED return and 30-day hospital admission among patients discharged after treatment for AWS.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective review of 318 ED encounters for AWS at a single academic medical center from January 1, 2020, to December 31, 2023. Demographic, psychiatric, housing, insurance, and discharge pharmacology variables were collected. We evaluated ED pharmacologic treatment strategy and discharge taper prescriptions. The primary outcome measure was 72-hour ED return, and the secondary outcome measure was hospital admission within 30 days. We compared groups using chi-square, Shapiro-Wilk, Fisher exact, and Mann–Whitney... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mf231jh Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Briggs, Blake https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5524-3291 Smith, Logan Green, Ryan Nikbakht, Amirrez Cline, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38c001js Hybridization between species can contribute to parallel adaptive events. However, the prevalence of introgression is rarely measured across multiple species, meaning that it is rarely integrated with landscape-scale processes or connected to adaptive repeatability. Here we analyzed whole-genome resequencing data from 639 accessions representing 48 <i>Vitis</i> species. <i>Vitis</i> is notable for the domesticated grapevine (<i>Vitis vinifera</i>), multiple economically important North American species, and as an example of a temperate adaptive radiation. We reconstructed individual- and species-level phylogenetic frameworks for the genus and performed population genetic analyses for 19 species. The analyses uncovered widespread evidence of introgression, comprising ~14% of the average <i>Vitis</i> genome. Introgression was associated with the geographic distribution between species, and highly admixed individuals were more frequently found near ecological niche margins. Genetic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/38c001js Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Tianpeng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2693-8377 Fiscus, Christopher J Landis, Jacob B Cochetel, Noé Morales-Cruz, Abraham Cantu, Dario https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4858-1508 Aguirre-Liguori, Jonás A Gaut, Brandon S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1334-5556 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28t702fk We present a measurement of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the cross correlation of triply ionized carbon (C iv) absorption with the positions of quasars (QSO) and emission-line galaxies (ELGs). We use quasars and ELGs from the second data release (DR2) of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument survey. Our data sample consists of 2.5 million quasars, 3.1 million ELGs, and the C iv absorption is measured along the line of sight of 1.5 million high-redshift quasars with z &gt; 1.3. We measure the isotropic BAO signal at 4.2σ for the C IV×QSO cross correlation. This translates into a 3.0% precision measurement of the ratio of the isotropic distance scale, DV, and the sound horizon at the drag epoch, rd, with DV/rd(zeff = 1.92) = 30.3 ± 0.9. We make the first detection of the BAO feature in the C IV×ELG cross-correlation at a significance of 2.5σ and find DV/rd(zeff = 1.47) = 24.6 ± 1.0. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/28t702fk Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bault, Abby Cuceu, Andrei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2169-0595 Guy, Julien https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-6793 Aguilar, J Ahlen, S Bianchi, D Brodzeller, A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8934-0954 Brooks, D Canning, R Chaussidon, E Claybaugh, T de Belsunce, R de la Macorra, A Dey, Arjun Doel, P Ferraro, S https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4992-7854 Font-Ribera, A Forero-Romero, JE Gaztañaga, E Gontcho, S Gontcho A Gordon, C Green, D Gutierrez, G Hahn, C Herrera-Alcantar, HK Honscheid, K Ishak, M Joyce, R Juneau, S Kirkby, D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8828-5463 Kremin, A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6356-7424 Lamman, C Landriau, M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1838-8528 Le Guillou, L Levi, ME https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1887-1018 Manera, M Martini, P Meisner, A Miquel, R Moustakas, J Muñoz-Gutiérrez, A Nadathur, S Palanque-Delabrouille, N Percival, WJ Pieri, Matthew M Poppett, C Prada, F Pérez-Ràfols, I Rossi, G Sanchez, E Schlegel, D https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5042-5088 Seo, H Silber, J https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-0320 Sprayberry, D Tarlé, G Weaver, BA https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v58v6b7 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Internal carotid artery (ICA) dissection is a time-sensitive vascular emergency that may present with subtle findings, most notably painful Horner syndrome. Mechanical stress to the cervical vasculature is a recognized trigger for this condition.</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> We report a 56-year-old man who developed ipsilateral ptosis, miosis, and head and neck pain after using a home cervical traction device. Computed tomography angiography showed focal critical stenosis of the distal cervical left ICA consistent with dissection, along with a contralateral pseudoaneurysm suggesting prior injury. He was treated with dual antiplatelet therapy.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> This case highlights a potential association between cervical traction device use and carotid dissection and underscores the importance of recognizing painful Horner syndrome and bilateral carotid pathology, while prompting clinicians to specifically inquire about... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1v58v6b7 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Samadian, Kian D. https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5289-9325 Nothnagle, Maureen K. Mostaghimi, Sina M. Alhoyek, Sandra Babar, Rehmat He, Shuhan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18j998vz <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency department (ED) surge events, defined as the episodic clustering of high-acuity patients that transiently overwhelms available clinician capacity, are associated with delays in care and potential patient harm. Existing crowding metrics do not quantify real-time clinician-level workload. This paper describes the development and preliminary feasibility evaluation of a novel acuity-weighted metric—the cumulative weighted-average acuity level (CWAAL)—to detect physician-level surge conditions in real time.</p> <p><strong>Methods:&nbsp;</strong>This multiphase observational feasibility study was conducted at two rural community EDs. The CWAAL is defined as the sum of weighted acuity scores for all active patients under a single clinician’s management: it incorporates a feasibility threshold derived by combinatorial enumeration. The primary outcome was door-to-doctor time (DDT); secondary outcomes included length of stay (LOS) and CWAAL distribution.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/18j998vz Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Berry, Kenneth https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0900-6446 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1895v1gz <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Bacterial meningitis affects about 1.2 million people worldwide each year. Streptococcus pneumoniae is responsible for the majority of cases of bacterial meningitis in the United States and Europe, with visual impairment seen in 6.3% of patients. The etiology of acute vision loss in the setting of bacterial meningitis remains wide-ranging, most often occurring in the setting of endogenous endophthalmitis, optic neuropathy, and cortical blindness. Retinal necrosis is rare, and typically associated with viral meningitis, but has not been reported in bacterial meningitis.</p> <p><strong>Case report:</strong> A 66-year-old man with headache, malaise, and intermittent blurry vision, initially diagnosed with viral upper respiratory infection and presumed trigeminal neuralgia, presented to the emergency department with altered mental status, meningismus, and progressive bilateral vision loss. He was diagnosed with bacterial meningitis, and subsequent... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1895v1gz Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Anderson, Adam Piszker, Alexander Applebach, Eric Mitchell, Reid Jeng, Aji Yagou https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wp07940 This article details two studies of Higgs boson properties using the vector-boson fusion production mode and the γγjj final state. Both efforts are based on a data sample corresponding to 164 fb−1 of s=13.6$$ \sqrt{s}=13.6 $$ TeV proton-proton collisions recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider. The first study employs matrix-element-based optimal observables to constrain CP-odd couplings beyond the Standard Model within the Standard Model Effective Field Theory framework, expressed in the Warsaw basis. The second study exploits angular distributions to probe the Higgs boson’s couplings to longitudinally and transversely polarised W and Z bosons in the production of the Higgs boson. To maximise the sensitivity, the constraints of the CP-odd couplings are combined with those from a previous analysis performed in γγjj events in a data sample of proton-proton collisions at s=13$$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb−1. A significant... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0wp07940 Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Adam Bourdarios, C Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Ait Tamlihat, M Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Almazan, ER Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alvarez Fernandez, A Alves Cardoso, M Alviggi, MG Aly, M Amaral Coutinho, Y Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Aperio Bella, L Apicella, M Appelt, C Apyan, A Arampatzi, M Arbiol Val, SJ https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09b921rg This Letter presents a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair ( ) production performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations using proton-proton collision datasets recorded at during the Large Hadron Collider Run 2, corresponding to integrated luminosities ranging between 126 and . The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the total signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured cross section to the standard model (SM) prediction, corresponds to 2.5, with an expected value of 1.7 (2.8) assuming the absence (presence) of the SM signal. The strength of the signal is measured to be relative to the SM prediction. The observed significance is found to be 1.1 standard deviations whereas 1.3 are expected for the SM signal. Constraints are set on the Higgs boson trilinear self-coupling and on the couplings of two Higgs bosons to two vector bosons, both normalized to the SM predictions and denoted as and , respectively. The observed individual constraints at the... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/09b921rg Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Agaras, MN Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmad, A Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Åkesson, TPA Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Alberti, U Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, DR Allen, JS Allen, JF Alley, CS Almazan, ER Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Amezza, T Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA Bella, L Aperio https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0901841h <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Hyperbaric oxygen therapy carries a risk of central nervous system oxygen toxicity, which can result in seizures. Seizure-induced spinal fractures are uncommon complications that occur during generalized convulsive activity. While often benign, lumbar vertebral body burst fractures may result in cauda equina syndrome. Additionally, patients with beta-thalassemia may have decreased bone mineral density due to ineffective erythropoiesis and bone marrow expansion increasing the risk for pathologic and traumatic fractures.</p> <p><strong>Case Report: </strong>A 35-year-old man with beta-thalassemia major presented to the emergency department after a witnessed, first-time generalized tonic-clonic seizure during hyperbaric oxygen therapy for chronic venous ulcers. Initial evaluation revealed severe low back pain and midline lumbar tenderness. Computed tomography revealed an acute third lumbar vertebra (L3) burst fracture with retropulsion. The patient... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0901841h Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aloise, Daniel Nash, Joel Alfred, Gregory Iqbal, Rahib Boccio, Eric https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05s8835b The Lorentz-contracted electromagnetic fields of the ions in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions generate intense quasi-real photon fluxes. These lead to photon-induced interactions that are observed in ultra-peripheral collisions (UPCs), such as vector meson and lepton-pair production. The high photon flux also enables the occurrence of multiple photon-induced processes in a single collision. Presented is the first measurement of the coincident production of γ γ → μ + μ − and γ + A → ρ 0 + A in UPC Pb+Pb collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 5.02 TeV and 5.36 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The coincident ρ 0 is identified via its decay into a π + π − pair, with the selected π + π − sample also containing the non-resonant continuum contribution. The rate of the coincident process relative to the exclusive γ γ → μ + μ − process is measured differentially in intervals of forward event activity, quantified by the Zero Degree Calorimeters. The relative... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/05s8835b Tue, 13 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Aad, G Aakvaag, E Abbott, B Abdelhameed, S Abeling, K Abicht, NJ Abidi, SH Aboelela, M Aboulhorma, A Abramowicz, H Abulaiti, Y Acharya, BS Ackermann, A Bourdarios, C Adam Adamczyk, L Addepalli, SV Addison, MJ Adelman, J Adiguzel, A Adye, T Affolder, AA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9058-7217 Afik, Y Aggarwal, A Agheorghiesei, C Ahmadov, F Ahuja, S Ai, X Aielli, G Aikot, A Tamlihat, M Ait Aitbenchikh, B Akbiyik, M Åkesson, TPA Akimov, AV Akiyama, D Akolkar, NN Aktas, S Alberghi, GL Albert, J Albicocco, P Albouy, GL Alderweireldt, S Alegria, ZL Aleksa, M Aleksandrov, IN Alexa, C Alexopoulos, T Alfonsi, F Algren, M Alhroob, M Ali, B Ali, HMJ Ali, S Alibocus, SW Aliev, M Alimonti, G Alkakhi, W Allaire, C Allbrooke, BMM Allen, JS Allen, JF Allport, PP Aloisio, A Alonso, F Alpigiani, C Alsolami, ZMK Fernandez, A Alvarez Cardoso, M Alves Alviggi, MG Aly, M Coutinho, Y Amaral Ambler, A Amelung, C Amerl, M Ames, CG Amezza, T Amidei, D Amini, B Amirie, K Amirkhanov, A Dos Santos, SP Amor Amos, KR Amperiadou, D An, S Anastopoulos, C Andeen, T Anders, JK Anderson, AC Andreazza, A Angelidakis, S Angerami, A Anisenkov, AV Annovi, A Antel, C Antipov, E Antonelli, M Anulli, F Aoki, M Aoki, T Aparo, MA https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b73051p <p><em>This Article traces historical patterns in systemic responses to protest movements along&nbsp;racial lines. It contrasts the militarized response to protests advocating for racial justice with&nbsp;the leniency shown towards predominantly White-led demonstrations, arguing that the&nbsp;different systemic responses to the Black Lives Matter movement and the January 6th&nbsp;insurrection illustrate the enduring impact of racialized policing and systemic racism in the&nbsp;modern context. It further advocates for non-reformist approaches that challenge systemic&nbsp;inequalities rather than perpetuate them. The Article concludes by urging continued collective&nbsp;resistance and the pursuit of justice in the face of entrenched power structures and systemic&nbsp;racism.</em></p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9b73051p Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Castillo, Rachel https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8276h81p <p><em>New kinds of private money are thriving, with increasing circulation, growing </em><em>acceptance, and rapid technological innovation. But this new money suffers from an old </em><em>problem: bank runs. Bank runs can destabilize even well-regulated and healthy banks, and </em><em>their contagion can catalyze and amplify a system-wide financial crisis. Since the 1930s, </em><em>policymakers have sought to protect our financial system from bank runs through public </em><em>deposit insurance and other emergency response mechanisms. Those historically effective policy </em><em>tools, however, are critically unavailable or ineffective in the context of these new types of </em><em>money. As a result, these new types of money remain critically vulnerable to bank runs, and </em><em>the potential for financial contagion from their failure poses catastrophic risks to society.</em></p> <p><br><em>In light of traditional legal tools’ inadequacy, this Article proposes an unconventional... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8276h81p Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Calderón Gómez, Luís C. Kane, Mitchell A. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dr6992k <p><em>In the aftermath of the 2022 U.S. Supreme Court ruling in </em>Dobbs v. Jackson&nbsp;Women’s Health Organization<em> removing federal constitutional protection for abortion, </em><em>twenty states currently significantly restrict access to abortion. These state laws all include </em><em>exceptions for the life of the pregnant person; most also exempt significant impairments to the </em><em>pregnant patient’s health. Despite these exceptions, repeated accounts in the press and in court </em><em>cases have shown pregnant patients in significant medical need being denied abortion care, </em><em>resulting in serious injuries and, in some cases, death. The reasons for this denial of care, </em><em>though, are disputed. Physicians have contended that the language of medical exceptions is so </em><em>unclear that they are difficult to apply. Meanwhile, legislators who favor strict restrictions </em><em>have blamed attending doctors for failing to apply what they say are clear... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7dr6992k Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Eichner, Maxine Buchbinder, Mara Schultz, Abby Smith, Cambray Bryant, Amy G. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71k4z2p5 Table of Contents&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/71k4z2p5 Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m98z09j <p><em>Once considered a mere novelty, ground robots and aerial drones are quickly becoming </em><em>a mainstream policing tool. Autonomous police robots, equipped with a panoply of cameras </em><em>and sensors, have been sent into parks, schools, and train stations. Agencies across the country </em><em>are piloting “Drone as First Responder” programs, which automatically dispatch drones in </em><em>response to 911 calls. Police have used robots to disorient, immobilize, and use force against&nbsp;</em><em>suspects.</em></p> <p><br><em>Police robots may provide public safety benefits, but they may also carry real risks. The </em><em>widespread adoption of highly mobile robots equipped with cameras, sensors, and analytics </em><em>will only hasten the proliferation of police surveillance, with attendant risks to individual </em><em>privacy. Algorithmic bias and disparities in where policing technologies are deployed may fuel </em><em>racial inequities. The advent of force-equipped... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6m98z09j Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Isaacs, Max Friedman, Barry Heydari, Farhang https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hc2p1bd Masthead&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6hc2p1bd Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gh307nf <p><em>Corporate directors and officers substantially influence how well—or poorly—a&nbsp;corporation addresses human rights risks. But their involvement is often hidden or&nbsp;misunderstood, despite the reality that many corporate human rights abuses occur because of&nbsp;explicit choices made by their leadership that, on many occasions, inevitably lead to human&nbsp;rights violations. The failure to understand their role in past corporate human rights violations&nbsp;leads to ineffective strategies to prevent future ones as leading international, regional, and&nbsp;domestic laws and norms on business and human rights inadequately address the corporate&nbsp;governance gaps that facilitate human rights violations.</em></p> <p><br><em>This Article identifies the critical role that corporate boards and officers play in human&nbsp;rights violations committed by their corporations. It introduces a four-part typology that&nbsp;categorizes the different executive choices at the root... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6gh307nf Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Parella, Kishanthi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p26w21t Mission Statement&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2p26w21t Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25z0n36h Generative AI and the Limits of Work&nbsp;Product Doctrine https://escholarship.org/uc/item/25z0n36h Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Singh, Sukhraj https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jp7s077 Cover&nbsp; https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jp7s077 Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hz61898 <p><em>This Article integrates multigenerational illegality into the canon by employing conceptual analysis and personal narrative. Multigenerational illegality explains how mixed-status Indigenous, Black, Latinx/e, and Asian and Pacific Islander families are branded as “illegal” and systemically denied pathways to status or citizenship, thereby becoming marginalized across generations. In this way, this Article demonstrates the legal injuries and </em>sacrificios<em> of mixed-status families of color caused by the system of immigration law and&nbsp;enforcement.</em></p> https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0hz61898 Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Rangel-Medina, Evelyn Marcelina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dm6f07d <p><em>It is a myth that equal protection doctrine protects women and people of color. It is a</em><br><em>myth, first, in the sense that it is a fiction. Although the Supreme Court claims to enforce the</em><br><em>equality rights of all, it is unwilling to combat the contemporary inequality of women and</em><br><em>people of color. It is also a myth in a second sense: it is a political myth or legitimating story.</em><br><em>The Court relies on the fiction that it protects women and people of color to justify a broad</em><br><em>new vision of equality for religious conservatives that, perversely, is not available to women</em><br><em>and people of color. More perverse, the Court invokes this new vision of equality to invalidate</em><br><em>federal, state, and local laws that do real work to promote race and gender equality.</em></p> <p><em>Understanding the reality of equal protection doctrine clarifies debates about the</em><br><em>Supreme Court’s power. The Court’s present... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0dm6f07d Mon, 12 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Portuondo, Laura https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p33632k <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Global temperatures are increasing because of climate change, affecting human health. Elevated ambient temperature has been shown to increase rates of trauma presentations in emergency departments and to increase antisocial behavior, such as violent crime. To better understand how to reduce the burden on trauma hospitals, we must better understand the relationship between ambient temperature, trauma patients, and intentional injury. We sought to examine the relationship between trauma rates and minimum and maximum daily temperatures and assess whether the assault trauma mechanism had the strongest association between weather and trauma rates.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>We conducted a retrospective cohort study of full and partial trauma team activations that presented to a Level I trauma center in New York from 2012 to 2019, inclusive. Daily maximum and minimum temperatures were divided into quintile ranges. Traumas were classified by injury... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5p33632k Sun, 11 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Mosley, Grace E. Arnold, Monique Sharma, Bharti Whittington, Jennifer Jara-Almonte, Geoff https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vj2q7mg WestJEM Full-Text Issue https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4vj2q7mg Sat, 10 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Saucedo, Cassandra Choi, Isabella Zhang, Annie https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mj7z5p8 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Endotracheal intubation (ETI) is a life-saving procedure commonly performed in emergency departments (ED). Prior research has demonstrated significant variability in ETI experience, practices, and outcomes across EDs. Health systems often include a mix of ED environments, from large academic hospitals to community-based and freestanding EDs. However, little is known about how ETI experiences and outcomes vary within a single health system. Our objective in this study was to compare first-attempt success across three EDs representing different practice environments but within one health system.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>This retrospective observational study used institutional data from 1,659 ETI events between November 2021–January 2025 to compare ETI-related outcomes across three EDs representing a spectrum of settings: an academic Level I trauma center (A); a community teaching hospital (B); and a nonteaching community site (C). Our primary... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9mj7z5p8 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gonzalez-Bankich, Sarah Sterrett, Emily C Crittenden, Tim Burrows, Brian Borawski, Joseph Kapadia, Neel Liu, Beiyu Greenwald, Emily https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99b986qg Approaches for preventing healthcare-associated infections: go long or go wide? https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99b986qg Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Septimus, Edward Weinstein, Robert A Perl, Trish M Goldmann, Donald A Yokoe, Deborah S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6738v4fg We present a tearing stable, stationary and reproducible operating solution for DIII-D plasmas characterized by the ITER baseline scenario normalized parameter set and shape. In these plasmas low differential rotation ( Δ f 1 , 2 ) between the core and edge is identified as the single root cause of the onset of the primary limiting instability, the 2,1 Neoclassical Tearing Mode (NTM), while a group of other examined parameters have a much weaker impact on the stability. Explanation is offered by drift kinetic simulations, which show a six-fold reduction in the NTM onset threshold due to diminished stabilizing ion polarization currents when the seed island drift frequency ceases in the local plasma frame. Based on the experimental observation and the explanation provided by the theory, a new discharge program is developed to sustain Δ f 1 , 2 by modifying the edge neoclassical potential through neutral gas fueling. This method enables stationary ITER baseline operation free of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6738v4fg Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bardoczi, L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-2423 Dudkovskaia, A Logan, NC Richner, NJ Brown, AC Callen, JD La Haye, RJ Strait, EJ https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w55z2kt <p>Background: vSNFs are known reservoirs of MDROs. However, data are lacking on how MDRO carriage may differ between residents in ventilator-capable (vBed) and non-ventilator-capable (non-vBed) areas within vSNFs. Methods: We conducted two point-prevalence MDRO sweeps in two vSNFs (Facility A: 44 vBeds/55 non-vBeds; Facility B: 31 vBeds/167 non-vBeds) from May-June 2025. All occupied beds were sampled except for Facility B’s non-vBeds which randomly sampled 50 beds due to size. Sampling involved hands, axilla/groin and peri-rectal areas cultured for MRSA, ESBL, VRE, C. auris, CRAB, and CRE, plus bilateral nares swabs cultured for MRSA and C. auris. Descriptive statistics summarized overall and MDRO-specific prevalence across body sites, with differences between vBed and non-vBed residents evaluated using t-tests and chi-square tests. Results: Overall MDRO prevalence was higher in vBeds (83.9%, 115/137) than non-vBeds (73.2%, 145/198; p=0.029) although the rank order of carriage... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3w55z2kt Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gussin, Gabrielle Singh, Raveena D Saavedra, Raheeb Zaragoza, Valeria Calzada, Jonathan Lee, Alice Pedro, Matthew San Hosseinian, Jahan Gadia, Gabriel Shimabukuro, Julie Myers, Courtney Khan, Ayesha Bittencourt, Cassiana E Huang, Susan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-3447 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kf5017k In this chapter, we review the progress in MHD stability, disruptions and control in magnetic fusion research that has occurred over the past (more than) one and a half decades since the publication by Hender et al in 2007 on the same topic as part of the update of ITER Physics Basis. During this period, remarkable progress has been achieved in the understanding of the basic physics and overall control of MHD instabilities through a wide spectrum of dedicated experiments, theory and modeling. The sawtooth activities are probably today one of the best understood of MHD events and very robust control schemes have been developed for reliable operation of tokamaks through core heating. Similarly, significant improvements have been achieved in understanding and control of neoclassical tearing modes, resistive wall modes or locked modes and their control through ECCD or error field control. The field of disruption prediction through application of artificial intelligence, machine learning... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2kf5017k Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bandyopadhyay, I Igochine, V Sauter, O Sabbagh, SA Park, J-K Nardon, E Villone, F Maraschek, M Pautasso, G Eidietis, N Jardin, SC Humphreys, DA Dubrov, M Artola, FJ de Baar, M Bardóczi, L Baylor, LR Berkery, JW Boozer, AH Cannas, B Chen, ZY Esposito, B Fanni, A Ferraro, NM Fitzpatrick, R Gerasimov, S Goodman, T Granetz, R Granucci, G Graves, J Gribov, Y Gude, A Hoelzl, M Hollmann, EM Hu, Q Hu, W In, Y Isayama, A Isernia, N Jachmich, S Kavin, AA Khayrutdinov, RR Kim, G Kong, M Kudláček, O Lehnen, M Liu, Y Logan, NC Lukash, VE Maget, P Markovic, T Matsuyama, A Maviglia, F Menard, JE Myers, C Orlov, D Pau, A Paz-Soldan, C Piron, L Pucella, G Pustovitov, VD Rattá, GA Rea, C Reimerdes, H Reux, C Roccella, R Rubinacci, G Sheikh, U Shiraki, D Sias, G Sieglin, B Sovinec, C Strauss, H Sun, Y Sweeney, R Wang, H-H Yang, SM Yanovskiy, V Zohm, H MHD, Disruption and Control Topical Group the ITPA https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2525v9fn Next-generation sequencing is anticipated to transform infectious disease treatment by enabling faster diagnosis, yet a clinical-grade method for genomic AST determination is still lacking. We assessed the accuracy of Keynome <i>g</i>AST, a <i>k</i>-mer based machine learning system for genomic AST, on 956 clinical bacterial isolates. We compared 7,801 predictions of susceptible (S), intermediate (I), and resistant (R) across 97 species-drug combinations against phenotypic AST results. Across the full data set, the Keynome <i>g</i>AST Qualified panel achieved a categorical agreement of 96.9% with very major and major error rates of 1.4% and 0.8%, respectively. At the level of individual species-drug combinations with sufficient data to assess, performance was comparable to the aggregate, with median categorical agreement of 97.4%. We also compared the performance of Keynome <i>g</i>AST to ResFinder, a simple resistance marker approach, in distinguishing susceptible vs non-susceptible... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2525v9fn Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wittenbach, Jason D Conwill, Arolyn Sansum, Hayden Gassett, Alison Gardner, Adam Brookhart, Allison Hollowell, Talia Knysh, Paul Worley, Nicholas B Billings, Nicole Herriott, Ian C Shimabukuro, Julie A Quan, Kathleen A Madey, Keith M Huang, Susan S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-3447 Sater, Mohamad RA Bittencourt, Cassiana E Huntley, Miriam H https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rb970vg Recently, experiments on basic plasma physics issues for solving future problems in fusion energy have been performed on a Large Helical Device. There are several problems to be solved in future devices for fusion energy. Emerging issues in burning plasma are: alpha-channeling (ion heating by alpha particles), turbulence and transport in electron dominant heating helium ash exhaust, reduction of the divertor heat load. To solve these problems, understanding the basic plasma physics of (1) wave–particle interaction through (inverse) Landau damping, (2) characteristics of electron-scale (high-k) turbulence, (3) ion mixing and the isotope effect, and (4) turbulence spreading and detachment, is necessary. This overview discusses the experimental studies on these issues and turbulent transport in multi-ion plasma and other issues in the appendix. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1rb970vg Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ida, K Yoshinuma, M Kobayashi, M Kobayashi, T Kenmochi, N Nespoli, F Magee, RM Warmer, F Dinklage, A Matsuyama, A Sakamoto, R Nasu, T Tokuzawa, T Kinoshita, T Tanaka, K Tamura, N Nagaoka, K Nishiura, M Takemura, Y Ogawa, K Motojima, G Oishi, T Morishita, Y Varela, J Hayashi, WHJ Markl, M Bouvain, H Liang, Y Leconte, M Moseev, D Moiseenko, VE Albert, CG Allfrey, I Alonso, A Arellano, FJ Ashikawa, N Azegami, A Bardoczi, L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-2423 van Berkel, M Beurskens, M Binderbaue, MW Bortolon, A Brezinsek, S Bussiahn, R Cappa, A Carralero, D Chan, IC Cheng, J Dai, X Hartog, DJ Den Dhard, CP Ding, F Ejiri, A Ertmer, S Fornal, T Fujita, K Fujiwara, Y Funaba, H Garcia, L Garcia-Regana, JM Garcia-Cortés, I Garkusha, IE Gates, DA Ghai, Y Gilson, EP Gota, H Goto, M Green, EM Haak, V Hamaguchi, S Hanada, K Hara, H Hartmann, D Hayashi, Y Henning, T Hidalgo, C Hillairet, J Hutton, R Ido, T Igami, H Ikeda, K Inagaki, S Ishizawa, A Ito, S Isobe, M Isobe, Y Ivkovic, M Jiang, Z Jo, J Kamio, S Kasahara, H Kato, D Katoh, Y Kawachi, Y Kawamoto, Y Kawamura, G Kawate, T Kazakov, Ye O Klumper, V Knieps, A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15m3x7kx <p>Background: vSNFs are known for exceedingly high MDRO prevalence, raising questions about the role of environmental contamination and persistence in this healthcare setting. Methods: Environmental sampling was conducted May-June 2025 in two vSNFs. High-touch objects in common areas (mobile/shower equipment, staff breakrooms, dining rooms, rehabilitation gyms) and resident rooms were swabbed using spongesicles, homogenized in trypticase soy broth, incubated 18-24 hours, and cultured for MRSA, VRE, ESBL, C. auris, CRAB, and CRE. On the same day, resident carriage of the same organisms was assessed at nares, hands, axilla/groin, and peri?rectal sites. All ventilator-capable (vBed) and non-vBed occupied beds were sampled except for one facility’s non-vBeds, which randomly sampled 50 beds due to size. The proportion of positive common area objects was compared with MDRO carriage prevalence using two-sample tests of proportions. Within resident rooms, object contamination was compared... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15m3x7kx Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Gussin, Gabrielle Singh, Raveena D Saavedra, Raheeb Zaragoza, Valeria Calzada, Jonathan Lee, Alice Pedro, Matthew San Hosseinian, Jahan Gadia, Gabriel Shimabukuro, Julie Myers, Courtney Khan, Ayesha Bittencourt, Cassiana E Huang, Susan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6748-3447 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0965r0k1 Abstract The interaction between the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (S1) and human ACE2 receptor is essential for viral entry into host epithelial cells and a key target for drug discovery. Here, we describe the evolution of a threomer, a base-modified version of threose nucleic acid (TNA), that binds to the S1 protein and inhibits its interaction with ACE2. The aptamer was isolated by in vitro selection using a DNA display strategy that linked each TNA molecule to its encoding double-stranded DNA template. Following iterative cycles of selection and amplification, lead candidates were identified by parallelized screening of individual variants in hydrogel particles. The top-performing hit exhibits low nanomolar affinity to the S1 protein and inhibits formation of the S1−ACE2 complex. Together, this work establishes threomers as an emerging platform for inhibiting protein−protein interactions in therapeutic targets. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0965r0k1 Fri, 9 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lozoya-Colinas, Adriana Lee, Joy J Kundu, Nandini Lee, Erica M Chaput, John C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84w6s8wj <b>Objectives.</b> To describe how community engagement combined with respondent-driven sampling (RDS) enabled timely documentation of the mental health and socioeconomic impacts of COVID-19 on California's Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander (NHPI) adult population. <b>Methods.</b> The California Pacific Islander Well-Being and COVID-19 Economic Survey (CAPIWAVES) was a collaboration between NHPI community-based organizations and academic researchers who sampled 929 NHPI adults in California from January to May 2024. The initial respondents were composed of a convenience sample of 58 CHamoru, Fijian, Marshallese, Native Hawaiian, Sāmoan, and Tongan respondents in Northern, Central, and Southern California, who referred up to 4 others. <b>Results.</b> Compared with the American Community Survey, CAPIWAVES RDS estimates differed. We reported initial data findings to NHPI community members in June 2024 in an online webinar. In April 2025, we released a report with the analyzed... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/84w6s8wj Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Morey, Brittany N https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2637-1227 Subica, Andrew M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6424-7668 Tanjasiri, Sora Park Penaia, Corina S Chang, Richard C Tulua, 'Alisi Fok, Cynthia L Paul, Shreya Fifita, Melenaite Marquez, Christen H Park, Royce Ponce, Ninez A https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5151-6718 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6md766zt Dark photons that are sufficiently light and/or weakly interacting represent a compelling vision of dark matter. Dark photon decay into three photons, which we call the dark photon trident, can be the dominant channel when the dark photon mass falls below the electron pair threshold and can produce a significant flux of x rays. We use 16&nbsp;years of data from Interrnational Gamma-Ray Astro Physics Laboratory (INTEGRAL)/Spectrometer of INTEGRAL (SPI) to constrain sub-MeV dark photon decay, producing new worlds-best constraints on the kinetic mixing parameter for dark photon masses between 90 and 1022&nbsp;keV, and comment on the potential for future x-ray observatories to discover the trident decay process. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6md766zt Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Linden, Tim Nguyen, Thong TQ Tait, Tim MP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-6909 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2598h0vb We model and constrain the unique indirect detection signature produced by dark matter particles that annihilate through a U(1) gauge symmetry into dark photons that subsequently decay into three-photon final states. We focus on scenarios where the dark photon is long-lived, and show that γ-ray probes of celestial objects can set strong constraints on the dark matter/baryon scattering cross section that in many cases surpass the power of current direct detection constraints, and in some cases even peer into the neutrino fog. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2598h0vb Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Linden, Tim Nguyen, Thong TQ Tait, Tim MP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-6909 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20b3j7zk A variety of processes in the very early Universe can give rise to a population of primordial black holes (PBHs) with an extended mass spectrum. For certain mass spectra of this sort, it has been shown that the evaporation of these PBHs into radiation can drive the universe toward an epoch of cosmological stasis which can persist for a significant number of e-folds of cosmological expansion. However, in general, the initial mass spectrum which characterizes a population of PBHs at the time of production can subsequently be distorted by processes such as mergers and accretion. In this paper, we examine the effects that these processes have on the spectra that lead to a PBH-induced stasis. Within such stasis models, we find that mergers have only a negligible effect on these spectra within the regime of interest for stasis. We likewise find that the effect of accretion is negligible in many cases of interest. However, we find that the effect of accretion on the PBH mass spectrum... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/20b3j7zk Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Dienes, Keith R Heurtier, Lucien Huang, Fei Tait, Tim MP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-6909 Thomas, Brooks https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17r6z7zd In the article “t-channel dark matter models – a whitepaper” published in EPJC, the name of one of the authors was incorrectly modified to Francesco D’Amico. The correct name is Francesco D’Eramo. The original article has been corrected. The publisher apologizes for the inconvenience caused. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/17r6z7zd Thu, 8 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Arina, Chiara Fuks, Benjamin Panizzi, Luca Baker, Michael J Cornell, Alan S Heisig, Jan Maier, Benedikt Pedro, Rute Trischuk, Dominique Agin, Diyar Arbey, Alexandre Arcadi, Giorgio Bagnaschi, Emanuele Bai, Kehang Bhatia, Disha Becker, Mathias Belyaev, Alexander Benoit, Ferdinand Blanke, Monika Burzynski, Jackson Butterworth, Jonathan M Cagnotta, Antimo Calibbi, Lorenzo Carpenter, Linda M Cid Vidal, Xabier Copello, Emanuele Corpe, Louie D’Eramo, Francesco Deandrea, Aldo Desai, Aman Doglioni, Caterina Dogra, Sunil M Garny, Mathias Goodsell, Mark D Hassan, Sohaib Harris, Philip Coleman Harz, Julia Ibarra, Alejandro Iorio, Alberto Orso Maria Kahlhoefer, Felix Kar, Deepak Khalil, Shaaban Khoze, Valery Ko, Pyungwon Kraml, Sabine Landsberg, Greg Lessa, Andre Lopez-Honorez, Laura Mariotti, Alberto Mitsou, Vasiliki A Mohan, Kirtimaan Moon, Chang-Seong Moreno Briceno, Alexander Moreno Llacer, Maria Munoz-Aillaud, Leandre Murphy, Taylor Ncube, Anele M Nzuza, Wandile Prat, Clarisse Rathmann, Lena Sangweni, Thobani Sengupta, Dipan Shepherd, William Sinha, Sukanya Tait, Tim MP https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3002-6909 Thamm, Andrea Tytgat, Michel HG Wang, Zirui Yu, David Yu, Shin-Shan https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vj0w12b Most widely studied option evaluation strategies rely on knowledge accumulated across repeated experiences. But how should options be evaluated in unfamiliar environments, in which knowledge is sparse? In these situations, how do decision makers make efficient use of limited past experience to guide their choices? One possible strategy is episodic sampling, in which a decision maker retrieves a small number of past decisions from memory to estimate the value of present options. By virtue of their age, children and adolescents have less experience than adults, making episodic sampling a particularly useful strategy for them. At the same time, the effectiveness of episodic sampling derives from memory's precision and context sensitivity-properties that continue to develop into adolescence and young adulthood. This tension raises a key question: are developmental differences in episodic memory associated with differences in episodic sampling? To address this question, 106 participants,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9vj0w12b Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Harhen, Nora C Bornstein, Aaron M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-6000 Hartley, Catherine A https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n95x7cb Gausslets are one of the few basis constructions for electronic structure that combine locality, orthonormality, variable resolution, and an accurate diagonal approximation for the electron-electron interaction, but the original construction is tied to one dimension. Radial gausslets extended this idea to atoms while leaving the angular degrees of freedom in spherical harmonics, so the atomic interaction remained only partially diagonal in the combined basis. Here, we introduce generalized gausslets on the sphere and combine them shell by shell with radial gausslets to form an atom-centered basis in which the electron-electron interaction takes a two-index integral-diagonal form. The angular basis starts from localized spherical Gaussians and uses injection to make a low-ℓ spherical-harmonic subspace exact. Tests of the kinetic spectrum, low-ℓ Coulomb matrix elements, spherium, first-row Hartree-Fock calculations, and He exact diagonalization show systematic convergence with increasing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8n95x7cb Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 White, Steven R https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3496-0707 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cm0z05p INTRODUCTION: Contemporary radiation treatment planning for extremity soft tissue sarcoma incorporates major joint space dose constraints. However, interpretation of historical dosimetric data and implementation of constraints is limited by the absence of standardized contouring guidelines. METHODS: Guidelines were developed for the shoulder, elbow, hip, and knee joints using anatomic references and input from sarcoma radiation oncologists, a musculoskeletal radiologist, and orthopedic oncologists. These guidelines were retrospectively applied to patients with extremity sarcoma treated with combined surgery and radiation at a single academic institution. Dosimetric parameters were computed and CTCAE v6 grading was used to evaluate for joint stiffness and arthralgia. Dose-toxicity relationships were evaluated using Wilcoxon rank-sum testing and logistic regression with receiver operator curve analysis. RESULTS: Of 97 patients treated with pre- or post-operative radiation, 61 (62.9%)... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8cm0z05p Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Harris, Jeremy P https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1231-4798 Stitzlein, Russell Momeni, Maryam Golshan Reilly, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-6728 Salas, Jessica Scharschmidt, Thomas Ormazabal, Natalia Jara Ha, Chul S Kalbasi, Anusha Konieczkowski, David https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80b3s3t8 OBJECTIVES: Effective goal-directed decision making relies on memory and planning-processes that are known to decline with age. We tested the hypothesis that these declines stem from a common mechanism by focusing on mnemonic discrimination, a measure of memory precision that shows unique vulnerability to age-related decline. METHODS: We used a latent learning task that measures the ability to learn and make judgments about associations among interconnected stimuli, assessing performance across the adult life span. This task allows us to measure multistep inference judgments that reflect how individuals organize relational structure, previously shown to capture the internal model-construction processes that support model-based planning. In Experiment 1, we examined relationships between judgment performance and memory precision. In Experiment 2, we tested whether a "blocked" learning schedule designed to reduce memory interference by separating overlapping objects could improve... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/80b3s3t8 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Noh, Sharon M Cooper, Keiland W Guo, Shuheng Zhou, Dale https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9240-1327 Stark, Craig EL https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9334-8502 Bornstein, Aaron M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-6000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fs4m706 Engineered stone (ES) is a composite material consisting of crystalline silica, pigment, and binding resins, and has become one of the most common materials used in kitchen and bathroom countertops, alongside natural stones such as marble and granite. The rise in popularity of ES in countertops is due to its low maintenance and customizable design; however, fabricating ES countertops generates respirable particles that pose an occupational inhalation hazard to workers. ES particle exposure has been linked to silicosis, a progressive and irreversible fibrotic lung disease resulting from inhalation of crystalline silica. When silica reaches the alveoli, macrophages attempt to clear the particles through phagocytosis while initiating inflammatory responses. Persistent inflammation and cellular injury can promote fibroblasts activation and collagen production, contributing to lung fibrosis. Few studies examine how silica content in ES influences the development of silicosis. This... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7fs4m706 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Choy, Elizabeth Hok Yee https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xt8h22p We demonstrate the versatility, simplicity, and power of the minimally augmented spin-wave theory in studying phase diagrams of the quantum spin models in which unexpected magnetically ordered phases occur or the existing ones expand beyond their classical stability regions. We use this method to obtain approximate phase diagrams of the two paradigmatic spin-12 models on the honeycomb lattice: the J1-J3 ferro-antiferromagnetic and J1-J2 antiferromagnetic XXZ models. For the J1-J3 case, various combinations of the XXZ anisotropies are analyzed. In a dramatic deviation from their classical phase diagrams, which host significant regions of the noncollinear spiral phases, quantum fluctuations stabilize several unconventional collinear phases and significantly extend conventional ones to completely supersede spiral states. These results are in close agreement with the available density-matrix renormalization group calculations. The applicability of this approach to the other models... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6xt8h22p Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chernyshev, AL https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n67n0f8 We propose a flexible Bayesian approach for sparse Gaussian graphical modeling of multivariate time series. We account for temporal correlation in the data by assuming that observations are characterized by an underlying and unobserved hidden discrete autoregressive process. We assume multivariate Gaussian emission distributions and capture spatial dependencies by modeling the state-specific precision matrices via graphical horseshoe priors. We characterize the mixing probabilities of the hidden process via a cumulative shrinkage prior that accommodates zero-inflated parameters for non-active components, and further incorporate a sparsity-inducing Dirichlet prior to estimate the effective number of states from the data. For posterior inference, we develop a sampling procedure that allows estimation of the number of discrete autoregressive lags and the number of states, and that cleverly avoids having to deal with the changing dimensions of the parameter space. We thoroughly investigate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6n67n0f8 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hadj-Amar, Beniamino Bornstein, Aaron M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-6000 Guindani, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6363-9907 Vannucci, Marina https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58g60930 <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Choledochal cysts are rare congenital dilatations of the biliary tree that may present with nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms in children, posing diagnostic challenges.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> We report a 3-year-old girl who presented with recurrent vomiting and abdominal pain. Initial laboratory testing revealed a mildly elevated lipase. An abdominal ultrasound demonstrated a pancreatic cyst; the patient was discharged with outpatient follow-up. She returned with worsening symptoms and a markedly elevated lipase of 2,247 U/L (reference range, &lt; 160 U/L). Computed tomography subsequently revealed a type I choledochal cyst. She underwent operative resection with an uncomplicated postoperative course.</p> <p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> Persistent gastrointestinal symptoms with uptrending lipase in children should prompt consideration of hepatobiliary etiologies. Choledochal cysts may be missed on initial presentation as... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/58g60930 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 DiPrinzio, Dominic Del Mar, Rance https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4st750xk This thesis examines two distinct three-mode degeneracy problems. First, a third-order exceptional point of degeneracy (EPD3) is synthesized in a linear three-resonator RLC circuit. Kirchhoff’s laws yield a six-state model and two physical coupling branches. An op- amp negative-impedance converter (NIC) is then substituted for the ideal negative resistance. Finite gain, bandwidth, output resistance, loading, and saturation cause the simulated circuit to depart from the designed linear EPD3 condition. In the transient simulation, the circuit develops a finite-amplitude oscillation with a dominant spectral peak near 1.178 MHz rather than at the designed frequency of 1.45 MHz. Second, an independent normalized nonlinear coupled-mode-theory model with saturable gain is analyzed. Eliminating the modal amplitudes and saturated gain gives a real- fifth order steady-state frequency equation. A numerical design produces a fivefold real root, defined here as an SS-EPD5. Active-mode frequency... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4st750xk Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 yan, weijian https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4759k0sj Abstract Scientific assessments play a critical role in synthesizing evidence to support evidence-based decision-making in many sectors and topics. For climate change, large-scale assessments like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the U.S. National Climate Assessment (NCA) reports help many different users—from national government to local governments, Indigenous Peoples and communities, the private sector, the social sector, and the scientific community itself—navigate the complex field of climate risks, impacts, and integrated solutions. While cocreation with users is essential to developing actionable assessments, this paper lays the groundwork for future processes by identifying many advancing and emerging areas of relevant knowledge ready for assessment or additional near-term research. Drawing on the expertise of many scholars who were formerly tasked with producing the Sixth NCA and authors of other national or subnational climate assessment reports,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/4759k0sj Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kenney, Melissa A Kopp, Robert E Samaras, Constantine Alberti, Marina Angell, Sonia Y Burney, Jennifer Cunliff, Colin Duffy-Anderson, JT Fischer, Laura West Frey, Serita D Hicke, Jeffrey A Howard, Peter H Jerolleman, Alessandra Kirchhoff, Christine J Koebele, Elizabeth A Mahowald, Natalie M Misarti, Nicole Pearson, Dharshani L Phillips, Alexandra A Siders, AR Singh, Prabhjot K Smith, Nicholas G Teneva, Lida T Ulrich-Schad, Jessica D Volenec, Jeffrey J Akamani, Kofi Alexander, Alisa J Anderson, Claire E Arbuckle, JG Auffhammer, Maximilian Avery, Christopher W Baker, Shalanda H Balk, Deborah Barbato, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-8191 Barnard, Patrick L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476 Basaraba, Alexander B Bednar, Dominic J Bell, Jesse E Gayle, D Bennett Daniels, Laprisha Berry Bertrand, Darrian Bistline, John ET Brelsfoard, Corey L Briceno, Tania Burkett, Maxine Burnham, Michael Callahan, John A Cannon, Clare EB https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-5312 Carothers, Courtney Carter, Rebecca H Cawley, Max Cha, J Mijin Chang, Howard H Chang, Michael H Chegwidden, Oriana S Chen, Kai Cheng, Brian S Chi, Guangqing Chu, Eric K Cleetus, Rachel Connor, Anna Cook, Amelia A Council, Dontá Cromar, Kevin R Curtis, Katherine J Daigle, John J Roney, Christopher DeLyser Domingue, Simone J Drake, John E Ebi, Kristie L Elias, Emile H Fann, Neal L Fleishman, Erica Gall, Elliott T Ghitis, Eliza Gilmore, Elisabeth A Gopalakrishnan, Sathya Grafton, Daniel Gray, SA Griffis, Roger B Grimm, Nancy B Hadjimichael, Antonia Han, Xueying Haverkamp, Jamie A Hess, Jeremy J Hessburg, Paul F Averyt Hinton, Kristen Hondula, David M Hubbell, Bryan Hultman, Nathan Jean, Cassandra Jinnah, Sikina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4528-3000 Johnson, Jeremiah X Johnson, Steven Mana’oakamai Johnson, Victoria A Jones, Kristal Kaplan, P Ozge Kay, Samuel Keenan, Jesse M Keith, Ladd https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tz7t05d Abstract Scientific assessments play a critical role in synthesizing evidence to support evidence‐based decision‐making in many sectors and topics. For climate change, large‐scale assessments like the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United States (U.S.) National Climate Assessment (NCA) reports help many different users—from national government to local governments, Indigenous Peoples and communities, the private sector, the social sector, and the scientific community itself—navigate the complex field of climate risks, impacts, and integrated solutions. While co‐creation with users is essential to developing actionable assessments, this paper lays the groundwork for future processes by identifying many advancing and emerging areas of relevant knowledge ready for assessment or additional near‐term research. Drawing on the expertise of many scholars who were formerly tasked with producing the Sixth NCA and authors of other national or sub‐national climate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3tz7t05d Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Kenney, Melissa A Kopp, Robert E Samaras, Constantine Alberti, Marina Angell, Sonia Y Burney, Jennifer Cunliff, Colin Duffy‐Anderson, JT Fischer, Laura West Frey, Serita D Hicke, Jeffrey A Howard, Peter H Jerolleman, Alessandra Kirchhoff, Christine J Koebele, Elizabeth A Mahowald, Natalie M Misarti, Nicole Pearson, Dharshani L Phillips, Alexandra A Siders, AR Singh, Prabhjot K Smith, Nicholas G Teneva, Lida T Ulrich‐Schad, Jessica D Volenec, Jeffrey J Akamani, Kofi Alexander, Alisa J Anderson, Claire E Arbuckle, JG Auffhammer, Maximilian Avery, Christopher W Baker, Shalanda H Balk, Deborah Barbato, Michele https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0484-8191 Barnard, Patrick L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476 Basaraba, Alexander B Bednar, Dominic J Bell, Jesse E Gayle, D Bennett Daniels, Laprisha Berry Bertrand, Darrian Bistline, John ET Brelsfoard, Corey L Briceno, Tania Burkett, Maxine Burnham, Michael Callahan, John A Cannon, Clare EB https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5507-5312 Carothers, Courtney Carter, Rebecca H Cawley, Max Mijin, J Chang, Howard H Chang, Michael H Chegwidden, Oriana S Chen, Kai Cheng, Brian S Chi, Guangqing Chu, Eric K Cleetus, Rachel Connor, Anna Cook, Amelia A Council, Dontá Cromar, Kevin R Curtis, Katherine J Daigle, John J Roney, Christopher DeLyser Domingue, Simone J Drake, John E Ebi, Kristie L Elias, Emile H Fann, Neal L Fleishman, Erica Gall, Elliott T Ghitis, Eliza Gilmore, Elisabeth A Gopalakrishnan, Sathya Grafton, Daniel Gray, SA Griffis, Roger B Grimm, Nancy B Hadjimichael, Antonia Han, Xueying Haverkamp, Jamie A Hess, Jeremy J Hessburg, Paul F Hinton, Kristen Averyt Hondula, David M Hubbell, Bryan Hultman, Nathan Jean, Cassandra Jinnah, Sikina https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4528-3000 Johnson, Jeremiah X Johnson, Steven Mana'oakamai Johnson, Victoria A Jones, Kristal Kaplan, P Ozge Kay, Samuel Keenan, Jesse M Keith, Ladd https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mg6c7cc Early in development, children can infer latent structure in the world from sparse and ambiguous evidence. Through a process known as structure learning, they extract statistical regularities, construct causal models from those regularities, and use those models to arbitrate between exploiting known options and exploring novel alternatives. In turn, each decision and its outcomes refine the model that produced them. Despite the clear reciprocal relationship between structure learning and decision-making in the real world, developmental research has largely examined these processes separately. To address this gap, we compared how children, adolescents, and adults behaved in a patch-foraging task designed to reveal how structure learning shapes exploratory decisions in a richly structured, dynamic environment. We found that younger participants left patches sooner than adults, enabling them to explore the environment more broadly within the fixed time window of the study. Computational... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3mg6c7cc Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Harhen, Nora C Budiono, Rheza Hartley, Catherine A Bornstein, Aaron M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-6000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j55s5th Cognitive maps support inference and planning by representing associations between experiences encoded in memory. These map-like representations are thought to carry information not only about directly observed links but also about longer paths. The ability to make judgments based on multi-step associations varies with one's experience in an environment and with changes in memory abilities across the lifespan. However, it remains unclear exactly how representations of associative structure are influenced by learning curricula and memory constraints. Prior studies have suggested a tradeoff: memory representations can either be more integrated to improve inference, or more separated to recall distinct direct associations. Whether overlapping associations are experienced nearby in time (interleaved) or spaced apart (blocked) can bias memory representations toward integration or separation. However, key recent findings about how blocked versus interleaved experience bias integration... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3j55s5th Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Noh, Sharon M Zhou, Dale Cooper, Keiland W Guo, Shuheng Dinh, Emily T Bornstein, Aaron M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-6000 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fq6t12k Previous research investigating exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their association with heart disease has found conflicting results, with recent studies reporting null or inverse associations. We estimated associations between serum PFAS and prevalent heart disease in a large, cross-sectional, multi-site study of adults residing in communities in the United States with historic PFAS drinking water contamination. Participants were recruited from communities in eight states (2019–2023), where they completed questionnaires and provided blood samples. PFAS concentrations were measured in serum. Four PFAS detected in &gt; 70% of participants were modeled as continuous variables, and three less-frequently detected PFAS were modeled as binary variables (above/below the limit of detection). Logistic regression models estimated associations between each PFAS and prevalent heart disease based on self-report, adjusting for demographics, smoking and alcohol consumption,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3fq6t12k Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Phillipson, Celina N Pavuk, Marian Jung, Yerin Villanueva, Carolina Laumbach, Robert J Brown, Linda M Starling, Anne P Vieira, Veronica M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7153-4606 Lewin, Michael Wang, Teresa James-Todd, Tamarra Wang, Yuting Weems, Meghan M Valladares, Karen S Schaefer, Adam M Bartell, Scott M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7797-2906 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3460b8g5 We build upon Haueis and Colaço's account in two ways. First, we argue that the backgrounding of metabolism was a pragmatic response to a data granularity problem faced by traditional cognitive modelers. Then, we suggest that equivalence demonstrations offer a promising pathway for incrementally introducing metabolic considerations into extant modeling practice. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3460b8g5 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Khoudary, Ari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1339-2600 Bornstein, Aaron M https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6251-6000 Peters, Megan AK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0248-0816 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z74z4wz We report calorimetric, magnetic, and neutron scattering studies on an S = 5/2, nearly Heisenberg triangularlattice antiferromagnet K2Mn(SeO3)2 with weak XXZ easy-axis anisotropy. Multiple magnetic phases are identified, including a noncollinear Y phase in zero field, a field-induced collinear m = 1/3 magnetization plateau, and a high-field V phase. In the Y phase, the magnetic excitation spectrum exhibits both single-magnon excitations and an extended high-energy continuum. Both features are well described by nonlinear spin wave theory. In the field-induced phases, complex effects of the spectrum renormalization even for large S = 5/2 material are clearly detectable. These results underscore the essential role of magnon-magnon interactions in the dynamics of large-S Heisenberg spin systems on a triangular lattice. https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2z74z4wz Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhu, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9751-3720 Romerio, V Moser, D https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2223-0618 Povarov, KY https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0026-743X Sibille, R https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-7262 Wawrzyńczak, R Yan, Z Gvasaliya, S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7972-5909 Chernyshev, AL https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0965-568X Zheludev, A https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4972-0709 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n58z9m6 BACKGROUND: Medical physics residency programs require reliable systems for organizing rotation files, documenting educational activities, recording competency sign-offs, and monitoring resident progression. Current residency standards from the Commission on Accreditation of Medical Physics Educational Programs (CAMPEP) require clearly defined training schedules, rotation objectives, resident progress evaluation, and regular documentation of trainee development. Many programs continue to rely on static documents, spreadsheets, or multiple disconnected platforms, which may create version-control problems, increase administrative burden, and reduce transparency. Prior reports have described dedicated educational-management software (Typhon Group and MedHub) for this purpose, but these require separate licensing and onboarding. RadMachine (Radformation, Inc., New York, NY) is widely used in radiation oncology departments for machine quality assurance (QA) management; repurposing... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1n58z9m6 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zuro, Darren Reilly, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-6728 Salas, Jessica Liu, Jiayi Shirmohammad, Maryam Li, Xinyi Geoghegan, Theodore https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6350-7795 Maxim, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-2042 Shi, Mengying https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jw1h3f4 Tuberculosis epidemics have traditionally been conceptualized as arising from a single uniform pathogen. However, <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>-complex (Mtbc), the pathogen causing tuberculosis in humans, encompasses multiple lineages exhibiting genetic and phenotypic diversity that may be responsible for heterogeneity in TB transmission. We analysed a population-based dataset of 1,354 Mtbc whole-genome sequences collected over four years in Botswana, a country with high HIV and tuberculosis burden. We identified Lineage 4 (L4) as the most prevalent (87.4%), followed by L1 (6.4%), L2 (5.3%), and L3 (0.9%). Within L4, multiple sublineages were identified, with L4.3.4 being the predominant sublineage. Phylodynamic analysis revealed L4.3.4 expanded steadily from late 1800s to early 2000s. Conversely, L1, L4.4, and L4.3.2 showed population trajectories closely aligned with the HIV epidemic. Meanwhile, L2 saw rapid expansion throughout most of the 20^th century but declined... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1jw1h3f4 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Wang, Qiao Barilar, Ivan Minin, Volodymyr M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1917-9288 Modongo, Chawangwa Moonan, Patrick K Finlay, Alyssa Boyd, Rosanna Oeltmann, John E Molefi, Tuduetso L Zetola, Nicola M Brewer, Timothy F Niemann, Stefan Shin, Sanghyuk S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h32f0b9 Background/Objectives: To evaluate whether medical cannabis (MC) use following dysuria diagnosis is associated with increased risk of developing substance use disorder (SUD), given rising cannabis prescriptions for urologic symptoms and concerns about long-term consequences. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using the TriNetX Research Network, a federated electronic health record database with over 120 million patients. Adult patients newly diagnosed with dysuria between 2003 and 2024 were identified and stratified by subsequent cannabis exposure. MC users were defined by a cannabis-related diagnostic code within 90 days of dysuria diagnosis. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed 1:1 by age, sex, and race. The primary outcome was a new diagnosis of SUD (cannabis, opioid, or cocaine use disorders) within 12 months. Secondary analysis included Kaplan–Meier (KM) survival estimates over 5 years. Risk ratios (RR), odds ratios (OR), and hazard ratios (HR) were... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1h32f0b9 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hammad, Muhammed AM https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-9060 Baqain, Laith E Shahait, Mohammed Ghoniem, Gamal M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9028-7783 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bj0q4g9 BACKGROUND: Configuring clinical linear accelerators (linacs) for ultra-high-dose-rate (UHDR) electron experiments typically requires invasive hardware manipulation and/or irreversible modifications, limiting broader implementation. This work reports a reversible and noninvasive UHDR electron configuration of a clinical TrueBeam linac that enables switching between preclinical UHDR and conventional (CONV) clinical treatment modes through software settings, without accessing the linac interior. METHODS AND MATERIALS: Built-in service mode software was used to configure the UHDR mode with settings typical of a standard megavoltage photon beam. Using service mode, the photon target and monitor chambers were retracted. An unused low-energy electron scattering foil was loaded. An external AC current transformer for beam control and monitoring was mounted on the accessory tray, with an ionization chamber placed downstream in solid water to monitor exit dose. Dose profiles were measured... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1bj0q4g9 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Melemenidis, Stavros Chen, Dixin Jensen, Cody Schulz, Joseph B Surucu, Murat Yu, Amy S Graves, Edward E Shi, Mengying Reilly, Michael https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2481-6728 Maxim, Peter G https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8244-2042 Currell, Andrew Loo, Billy W Skinner, Lawrie Ashraf, M Ramish https://escholarship.org/uc/item/19g3q6j0 A 39-year-old woman developed debilitating systemic symptoms following the placement of a synthetic mid-urethral sling for stress urinary incontinence. Previously in good health, she experienced sepsis and adrenal crisis immediately postoperatively, followed by persistent symptoms including fatigue, postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS), neuropathic pain, cognitive dysfunction, autonomic instability, and recurrent infections. Despite extensive multispecialty evaluations, no definitive diagnosis was initially reached. Laboratory testing later revealed positive ANA and mild immune dysregulation. Given her complex autoimmune history, strong family predisposition, and the temporal association with mesh implantation, her presentation was suspected to be consistent with autoimmune syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA). She elected to undergo surgical removal of the synthetic sling with placement of an autologous rectus fascia pubovaginal sling. Postoperatively, the patient... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/19g3q6j0 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hammad, Muhammed AM Gryzinski, Gustavo Pak, Evelyn Minji Bell, Alexander Ghoniem, Gamal https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9028-7783 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15d4t654 Seminal Fluid Proteins (SFPs)-encoding genes are rapidly evolving at the sequence level and often considered prone to frequent phylogenetic turnover. One mechanism underlying such rapid turnover is the lineage-restricted origin of new SFP genes, which results in a complement of phylogenetically young genes. Recent advances in genome resources and comparative genomics now enable more comprehensive cross-taxa analyses, providing improved estimates of the timing of gene origin during evolution. Using these resources alongside proteomic data from human seminal plasma, we traced the evolutionary origins of 646 putative human SFP genes. We find that most SFPs trace back to the bony vertebrate (Eutelostomi) radiation. These ancient SFP genes are more pleiotropic than younger ones, which are enriched in immunity-related functions and regulate proteolytic activity, particularly peptidase inhibitors. Together, these results underscore that the human proteome components of the seminal plasma... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/15d4t654 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ranz, Jose M Civetta, Alberto https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h71p1vx Bilateral long-segment ureteral transection during colorectal surgery is an exceptionally rare and complex complication that demands immediate multidisciplinary management. When primary reimplantation is unfeasible, urinary diversion may serve as a temporizing measure to preserve renal function and stabilize the patient until definitive reconstruction becomes feasible. We report the case of a 43-year-old male who sustained bilateral ureteral transection exceeding ten centimeters during laparoscopic sigmoid resection for an obstructing colonic mass. Given the high, proximal level of injury, direct ureteroneocystostomy with or without Boari flap was not possible, and the patient underwent immediate urinary diversion with an ileal conduit using Bricker ureteroenteric anastomoses. The postoperative course was complicated by a colocutaneous fistula and ventral hernia, which were managed conservatively. After a period of eighteen months, comprehensive reassessment demonstrated preserved... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0h71p1vx Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Hammad, Muhammed AM https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3735-9060 Gryzinski, Gustavo M Knoerzer, Mackinnly T Ghoniem, Gamal M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9028-7783 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0725b585 Scholars have demonstrated how parents are important agents of gender socialization for children, often funneling children into gender conformity. Less work has considered how families today challenge traditional gender ideologies in their parenting practices. Using data from 22 in-depth interviews with mothers in Southern California, this study examines how mothers understand and enact strategies of gender-neutral parenting, a collection of parenting strategies that challenge traditional gender norms. This research finds that mothers’ gender ideologies and parenting behaviours were in tension, as they simultaneously avoided the label of gender-neutral parenting while enacting aspects of this parenting style. As part of this tension, mothers – motivated by ideas about gender equality and bodily autonomy – socialized their children into gender via two distinct strategies. First, mothers minimized gender differences by treating girls and boys equally and using gender-neutral language.... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/0725b585 Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Bauman, Rachel https://orcid.org/0009-0005-4554-9130 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04p624fj Isoform-selective opening of voltage-gated potassium (Kv) channels is desirable for its therapeutic potential yet mechanistically little-understood. Rosemary leaf metabolite carnosic acid (CA) is a high-efficacy opener of the neuronal Kv7.3 channel but exerts minimal effects on Kv7.2 or Kv7.2/3 heteromers. Here, using alanine-scanning mutagenesis, electrophysiology, radioligand binding, and all-atom molecular dynamics simulations, we found that CA achieves high-efficacy activation of Kv7.3 by binding at the extracellular cap of the voltage-sensing domain (VSD), independent of the canonical retigabine pore binding site. Kv7.3 samples a binding-competent VSD conformation absent in Kv7.2, characterized by an expanded extracellular pocket and a favorable electrostatic environment. Central to this mechanism, Kv7.3-L226 functions as a hydrophobic latch that tunes the energetic landscape of the voltage sensor to control ligand efficacy. Unexpectedly, CA potentiates Kv7.2/3 activation... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/04p624fj Wed, 7 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Manville, Rían W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0057-3541 Foglia, Lorenzo https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4494-0449 Yoshimura, Ryan F Santos, Daniel E Yu, Alvin https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8051-7661 Abbott, Geoffrey W https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4552-496X https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9962x8nm <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Seizures are a frequent reason for emergency department (ED) evaluation, and new-onset events carry a wide differential in which medication toxicity can be overlooked. Toxicity from seldomly prescribed drugs, such as theophylline, can be particularly challenging to recognize because they can cause nonspecific adverse effects, including palpitations, nausea, vomiting, and seizures. Although theophylline use was widespread in the 1980s, current prescribing patterns are unknown. Nevertheless, theophylline toxicity continues to result in ED visits and poison center calls. Because adverse effects may be acute or chronic, identifying theophylline toxicity remains difficult.&nbsp;</p> <p><br><strong>Case Report: </strong>A 74-year-old woman presented to the ED with status epilepticus. After thorough history and extensive medical work-up, medication toxicity was suspected as the cause of her seizures. Upon further investigation, the patient was found... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9962x8nm Tue, 6 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Coyle, Cynthia Samones, Emmelyn J. Phan, Tammy Guptill, Mindi https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gw455sf <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Needle thoracostomy is the only procedure in the United States for paramedic treatment of suspected tension pneumothorax within the most recent emergency medical services (EMS) national scope of practice model. We present a rare complication of an out-of-hospital left needle thoracostomy performed by paramedics after intracardiac placement of the catheter. The patient’s imaging studies in the receiving emergency department (ED) confirmed that the needle thoracostomy insertion location was correct, but the catheter entered the heart due to the patient’s existing atypical anatomy.&nbsp;</p> <p><strong>Case Report:</strong> A 64-year-old unrestrained male driver in a roll-over motor vehicle accident was found in respiratory distress with difficulty auscultating left-sided lung sounds, left chest wall pain on palpation, and confusion. The first-arriving paramedics performed a left needle thoracostomy for suspected tension pneumothorax in advance of... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7gw455sf Tue, 6 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Strain, Brian Meeker, Scott Dukes, W. Seth Savino, Paul Brian https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kt0h6nq <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Hip fractures are a concern in older adults, with incidence expected to rise as the population ages. Despite advances in surgical technique and hardware design, complications remain, influenced by patient factors and surgical choices. Rarely, hardware migration into the pelvis occurs, which poses serious risks. In the emergency setting, abdominal pain is a common complaint, and when evaluating patients with complex histories or prior orthopedic surgeries, clinicians must maintain a broad differential. This case details the discovery of a medially displaced hip screw into the pelvis as the cause of abdominal pain in a patient in the emergency department (ED).</p> <p><strong>Case Report: </strong>A 44-year-old female with end stage renal disease on hemodialysis, anemia, and osteoporosis presented to the ED with sudden-onset, bilateral lower quadrant abdominal pain, vomiting, and diarrhea. The patient reported undergoing left hip open reduction and... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3kt0h6nq Tue, 6 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Jones, Eric Khan, Marium Samones, Emmelyn J. Savino, Paul Brian https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6df469rq Protein dynamism and evolvability are key parameters linking enzyme flexibility to adaptive potential, yet how these concepts apply to nucleic acid enzymes remains largely unexplored. Here, we propose that threose nucleic acid (TNA), a genetic polymer that is more conformationally restricted than DNA, may be evolutionarily constrained by its preorganized backbone. RNA-cleavage profiles comparing the well-known 10-23 DNA enzyme (DNAzyme) with two in vitro selected TNA enzymes (threozymes) reveal striking differences in their temperature dependence. While the DNAzyme catalyzed reaction is optimal at 37 °C and weakly active at 50 °C, threozymes display the opposite trend, suggesting that TNA catalysis must overcome a higher free-energy barrier than DNA catalysis. Consistent with this view, the reaction becomes less temperature dependent for threozymes that operate with more flexible active sites. Together, these findings highlight the importance of backbone structure as a critical... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6df469rq Mon, 5 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Lee, Erica M Chaput, John C https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52f481m1 One of the most common approaches to addressing the pervasive housing affordability crisis throughout the U.S. has been to change laws and land use regulations in order to induce increased housing production. Increased production is meant to induce the “filtering” process whereby existing housing units “filter down” to lower income households over time, becoming Naturally Occurring Affordable Housing (NOAH). Some remain skeptical that this process delivers beneficial outcomes to low-income and Black, Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) households in particular. Using a longitudinal panel of housing units from the American Housing Survey (AHS) from 2015 to 2023 along with two measures of affordability, I analyze how affordability amongst market-rate housing units in the U.S. shifts over time and how geographic, housing supply, housing cost trends, and household characteristics relate to filtering dynamics in the U.S. I find that filtering slows amongst units 50 years and older,... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/52f481m1 Mon, 5 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Cabello, Maxwell https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75b638t8 <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Headache is a common presentation to the emergency department (ED), requiring both accurate diagnosis and efficient management. Although consensus guidelines exist, real-world treatment practices and their associations with operational outcomes remain variable. We evaluated the association between acute headache management strategies—including medications, diagnostic imaging, and consultations—and ED length of stay (LOS), using both unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted analyses.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a multicenter retrospective observational study using data from 79,527 adult ED encounters for headache across 22 EDs in the southwestern and upper Midwestern United States between 2018 and 2024. The primary outcome was ED LOS. Secondary outcomes included LOS differences associated with medication classes, imaging modalities, procedures, and specialty consultations. Length of stay differences by treatment strategy were compared... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75b638t8 Sun, 4 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Vanood, Aimen Evans, Billy J. Brown, Samantha J. Hodgson, Nicole R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-6583 Maciulewicz, Thom Green, Anthony Laine Martini, Wayne A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-4667 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69f3681b <p><strong>Introduction:</strong> Emergency department (ED) crowding may alter physician decision-making, yet little is known about how real-time physician workload affects diagnostic imaging use. We examined the association between physician patient load and the proportion of patients who received diagnostic imaging, including computed tomography (CT), CT with intravenous (IV) contrast, CT without contrast, plain radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and ultrasound (US).</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all ED visits at an academic tertiary care center (January 2019–December 2024). Physician workload was defined as the sequential patient assignment order per physician per day (range 1–17). Our primary outcome measures were binary indicators of whether each imaging modality was ordered during the ED visit: CT (any); CT with IV contrast; CT without IV contrast; radiograph, MRI; and US. Multivariable logistic regression with... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/69f3681b Sun, 4 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Martini, Wayne A. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6571-4667 Monas, Jessica Hodgson, Nicole R. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8536-6583 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mg7t6sp <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Managing agitation in the emergency department (ED) is challenging and frequently involves decisions about physical restraints and emergent medications. While institutional protocols and behavioral response teams exist, little is known about how individual clinicians make decisions about restraint use—decisions with significant implications for safety, ethics, and equity. The objective of the study was to explore how emergency physicians, residents, and nurses make decisions about physical restraint and emergent medication use during episodes of patient agitation in the ED.</p> <p><strong>Methods:</strong> We conducted a qualitative study using semi-structured interviews with 35 emergency clinicians (18 attending physicians, 7 senior residents, and 10 nurses) at an urban academic ED. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis.</p> <p><strong>Results:</strong> Clinicians described three key factors informing restraint... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/5mg7t6sp Sun, 4 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Suh, Michelle https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7491-6017 Torres, Beatrice Brickhouse, Elise Charles, Datonye Thomas, Ynhi Chary, Anita https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8839-7617 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d2418q1 <p><strong>Introduction: </strong>Emphasis on documentation challenges clinicians to strike a balance between efficiency and individualized care, often leading to the depersonalization of patient interactions. The Humanistic Charting Tool (HCT) addresses this by integrating the patient’s voice into the electronic medical record (EHR). The objective of this study was to examine whether use of the HCT during emergency department (ED) visits is feasible and improves key patient experience metrics.</p> <p><strong>Methods: </strong>The study took place in an urban, academic hospital. Patients in the ED completed the HCT while waiting to see a clinician. The patient’s responses were condensed into a two-page summary and uploaded into their EHR. Clinicians were asked whether they used the HCT for each patient at the end of the encounter, and patients completed precare and postcare surveys assessing key experience metrics. Our primary outcome measure was changes in patient experience... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/2d2418q1 Sun, 4 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Garg, Namrata Boozarpour, Omid Alaras, Jose Tran, Ivy Peabody, Christopher R. Stark, Nicholas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t60t59k Alterations of gut microbiota are common in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and contribute to increased uremic toxins including indoxyl sulfate (IS), p-cresyl sulfate (pCS) and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), which are linked to cerebrovascular disease risk. This study examined the kidney-gut-brain axis in CKD mice and in dialysis patients. Male and female mice with adenine-induced CKD were fed a high-amino-acid (HAA) diet to increase precursors of gut-derived uremic toxins. A subgroup of mice received antibiotics in drinking water to suppress gut microbiota and evaluate its role in toxin generation. Behavior tests, gut microbiome composition and brain histology for cerebral microhemorrhages were analyzed. CKD mice had higher serum levels of creatinine, cystatin C and gut-derived toxins, a 2.5-fold increase in brain microhemorrhages, and decreased locomotor activity. The HAA diet significantly increased serum TMAO but not IS and pCS, and all three toxins were reduced by antibiotic... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9t60t59k Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Zhao, Yitong Lee, Su Mi Li, Whitney Floriolli, David Chang, Peter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7865 Narasaki, Yoko You, Amy S Kalantar-Zadeh, Kamyar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8666-0725 Rhee, Connie M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9703-6469 Liu, Han Tran, Tiffany Paganini-Hill, Annlia Fisher, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-8826 Lau, Wei Ling https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-1073 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97v6260b Introduction: White matter hyperintensities of aging (leukoaraiosis), frequently seen on MRI, have an etiology that remains obscure. The underlying neuropathology of these lesions includes prominent demyelination, thought to be due to ischemic injury. We studied the potential contribution of erythrocytes (RBC) to the pathogenesis of ischemic demyelination using a mouse model in which RBC are biochemically aged and rigidified by treatment with the oxidative stressor tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BHP). Methods: Tie2-GFP mice were injected with t-BHP-treated RBC and compared with mice injected with PBS-treated RBC. After 4 hours or 24 hours circulation, mice were perfused with PBS and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Brain samples were collected and processed for immunofluorescence and single-cell spatial transcriptomics. Adjacent sections were examined under confocal microscope to evaluate RBC attachments and then aligned with sections for analysis of transcriptomics. Aligning histology... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/97v6260b Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chang, Rudy Tan, Ziqun Zhang, Hai https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0512-3996 Hung, Yu-Han Xu, Xiangmin Fisher, Mark https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9802-8826 Sumbria, Rachita https://escholarship.org/uc/item/956444ck Spatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) is a wide-field optical imaging modality that applies patterned illumination at multiple center wavelengths (470 to 851nm) to quantify the properties of subsurface tissue in vivo. Imaging of the periocular region will guide diagnostic and therapeutic decision making in inflammatory and infiltrative conditions by quantifying parameters such as tissue oxygen saturation and hemoglobin concentration. We previously used a fabricated tissue simulating facial phantom to study the geometric impact of complex ocular adnexal anatomy inherent to the periocular region and identified robust and accurate regions of interest (ROI) by which to image patients. Twenty-five control patients were imaged under an approved IRB protocol using the Reflect RS™ (Modulim, Inc., Irvine, CA) to measure calibrated diffuse reflectance images over a 15 x 20cm 2 field of view, with a spatial resolution of ~0.5mm. “En face” and “side profile” views were captured along established... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/956444ck Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Chen, Katherine An, Miranda B Kirk, Stephanie D Abdelmalek, John Devineni, Divya Sung, Shijun Mattick, Kaylyn C Malley, Claire Lee, Jaylen M Xie, Danny Kennedy, Gordon T Choi, Bernard https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4380-8291 Durkin, Anthony J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9124-6388 Ediriwickrema, Lilangi S https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sv5v56v The variation, politicization, and censorship in American K-12 historical education is most evident in textbook treatments of the American Civil War. This research investigates the development of the American Civil War and how it is taught in K-12 American schools, as well as the extent to which its education varies across time period and location. Previous research has demonstrated the average American adult’s perception of the Civil War’s development to be disparate. In this project, I utilize textual analysis of over a dozen textbooks, using Voyant Tools and critical analysis, to provide a clear depiction of each primary source’s bias and interpretation. I carefully review each reference to enslaved people, enslavers, Black people, and white people. Additionally, I analyze the textbook's explanations of the war’s main cause; the war’s timeline/development; why the Confederacy was defeated, and its features (terms, graphics, etc.). The main indicators of bias are “case studies,”... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8sv5v56v Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Josserand, Jenna https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fb844qt The efficient use of energy resources for scientific research is a challenging and timely topic, in particular for scientific fields that require particle accelerator facilities, such as particle or nuclear physics. Accelerator facilities capable of providing high electron beam currents with minimum emittance to ultra-relativistic energies are needed for the production of intense, MeV-ranged, quasi-monochromatic photon beams for photonuclear research and nuclear photonics applications. This contribution presents a design for such an electron accelerator which is capable of recycling most of the kinetic energy of the ultra-relativistic electrons by beam deceleration after a quasi destruction-free usage, thereby lowering significantly the electrical power consumption footprint of operating the accelerator without compromising beam delivery performance. We provide for the first time a technically quantitative design for a thrice-recirculating, superconducting energy-recovery LINAC... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/8fb844qt Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Arnold, Michaela Brauch, Adrian Dutine, Manuel Enders, Joachim Grewe, Ruben Herbert, Maximilian Jürgensen, Lars Meier, Maximilian Pietralla, Norbert Prifti, Kiriaki Ramaker, Tim Schliessmann, Felix Schneider, Dominic Werner, Volker Ahmed, Mohammad W Albe, Karsten Alff, Lambert Balabanski, Dimiter L Barty, Christopher PJ Benson, Steve Birkhan, Jonny Boine-Frankenheim, Oliver De Gersem, Herbert Dingeldein, Lisa B Howell, Calvin R Isaak, Johann Janssens, Robert VF Kuschel, Stephan Matei, Catalin Moujani Ghomi, Fatemeh Sadat Pruy, Vincent Roth, Markus Ur, Calin A Walther, Thomas Williams, Peter H Wu, Ying K Zilges, Andreas https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88h047v2 In the present work, we developed a data-driven algorithm for the automated segmentation of fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM) images, enhancing the analysis of multifunctionalized nanoparticles (NPs) within living cancer cells. FLIM, a powerful microscopy technique, generates images that capture the fluorescence lifetime across a sample at the pixel level, revealing critical details about the molecular environment. Traditionally, FLIM image analysis has relied on manual segmentation with the phasor plot approach, a graphical representation of FLIM data in a<i>G</i>and<i>S</i>coordinate system, which is susceptible to user bias and inconsistency. Here, we present an automated and free of user-biased thresholding and segmentation algorithm that streamlines with clustering techniques to automatically identify phasor-clusters in the phasor plot space, reducing user dependency and providing a reproducible strategy under tested conditions image segmentation. We demonstrate... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/88h047v2 Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Flores, Dora-Luz Guerra-Rosas, Esperanza Benítez-Mata, Balam Hirata, Gustavo Digman, Michelle https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4611-7100 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zf495wb Superstition, Hauntings, and the Armenian Genocide in Kurdish Collective Memory https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6zf495wb Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Ter-Martirosyan, Angela https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vk633rp Built on Hope: The Feminist Star Wars Project is an online database that takes the larger Star Wars transmedia franchise and uses a critical feminist film theory lens in its analysis and interpretation of the various canon and non-canon (including Star Wars Legends) mediums (books, comics, video games, films, animated TV shows, and live action TV shows) and their characters. This project combines film, feminist, and transmedia theories in its analysis of the franchise to determine if viewers can read this science fiction-fantasy franchise as feminist. The project contains a series of viewing guides, reading guides, and interactive guides to the franchise to help readers identify and use a feminist lens in their interpretations and interactions with the Star Wars transmedia universe. By critically analyzing Star Wars media, Built on Hope will meet a new fan and academic need for updated and inclusive scholarship in the realm of Disney’s Star Wars. The Star Wars franchise is at... https://escholarship.org/uc/item/6vk633rp Fri, 2 Oct 2026 00:00:00 +0000 Amidon, Lily